Collaborative Project: Superimposed Tools for Active Arrangement and Elaboration of Educational Resources

本奖项与奖号0435496为合作项目。教育和学术研究，就其本质而言，涉及到浏览、回顾，有时还涉及到对某一主题的资源进行深入研究。无论是传统图书馆还是数字图书馆，都倾向于只在完整文献和完整文献集合的层面上提供服务。学生、教师和研究人员很少以统一的方式对待这些“完整”的资源。教科书和发表的论文不一定要完整地使用。章节不一定以同样的重点或它们出现的顺序来覆盖。资源材料不一定是逐字使用的。“叠加工具”，例如由调查者构建的工具，允许用户在各种基本文档类型（例如，MS Word, PowerPoint, Excel， HTML， XML， PDF）中轻松选择段落，将它们放在便签本工具上，标记它们，并将它们安排到用户定义的分组中并提供注释。这些工具中的关键功能是能够选择一个项目（其中包括一个引用），并使用原始基础应用程序返回到原始源，并看到选中的段落高亮显示。从源的笔记分离允许自由重组和重用创新的方式。链接总是在那里，以便用户可以根据需要返回到源上下文，但是注释和其他标记是独立的实体，独立于源材料，并且可以以支持用户目标的任何方式组合在一起。这个NSDL目标研究项目是评估教师和学生在本科和研究生计算机科学课程中使用叠加工具的情况，包括传统的、基于教科书的课程以及以研究为导向的、基于论文的课程。调查人员、他们的同事、一名高中老师和他们的学生正在使用这些工具。该项目的主要目标是评估叠加信息的使用是否支持更有效的教与学。调查人员还在开发数字图书馆服务，允许将叠加的文物与原始图书馆资源一起存放、索引、搜索和使用。在子文档粒度上使用和细化信息应该支持其他教师和学生对教材的重用。该项目的具体原创贡献包括：(1)扩展数字图书馆设施的范围，以支持用户任务，而不仅仅是简单地定位和检索资源；(2)通过包含子文档和完整文档，使创建更精确地针对特定教育需求的数字图书馆馆藏成为可能；(3)支持将数字图书馆资源（比较图、概念图）作为明确的衍生文档捕获检索后的工作，这些文档反过来又可以成为数字图书馆的“增值”资源；(4)获取有助于提高对教育环境中数字图书馆资源理解的阐述；(5)支持其他教师、学生和研究人员轻松定制这些资源。

This award and Award No. 0435496 constitute a collaborative project.Education and scholarly research, by their very nature, involve scanning, reviewing, and sometimes intensely studying resources about a subject. Libraries, both conventional and digital, tend to provide services only at the level of complete documents and collections of complete documents. Students, instructors, and researchers rarely treat these "complete" resources in a uniform manner. Textbooks and published papers are not necessarily used in their entirety. Sections are not necessarily covered with equal emphasis or in the order in which they appear. Resource materials are not necessarily used verbatim."Superimposed tools," such as those built by the investigators, allow a user to easily select passages in a variety of base document types (e.g., MS Word, PowerPoint, Excel, HTML, XML, PDF), place them on a scratchpad tool, label them, and arrange them into user-defined groupings and provide annotation. The key functionality in these tools is the ability to select an item (which includes a reference) and return to the original source using the original base application and see the selected passage highlighted. Separation of the notes from the source allows free recombination and reuse in innovative ways. The links are always there so that a user can return to the source context as needed, but the annotations and other marks are separate entities, independent of the source material, and can be combined in any way that supports the user's goals.This NSDL Targeted Research project is evaluating faculty and student use of superimposed tools in undergraduate and graduate computer science classes, including both traditional, textbook-based classes as well as research-oriented, paper-based classes. The tools are being used by the investigators, their colleagues, a high school teacher, and their students. The major goal of the project is to evaluate whether the use of superimposed information supports more effective teaching and learning. The investigators are also developing digital library services that allow superimposed artifacts to be deposited, indexed, searched, and used along with original library resources. Using and elaborating information at subdocument granularity should support reuse of educational materials by other instructors and students.Specific original contributions of this project include (1) extending the scope of digital library facilities to support user tasks beyond the point of simply locating and retrieving resources; (2) enabling the creation of digital library collections that are more precisely targeted at given educational needs by including subdocuments as well as complete documents; (3) supporting the capture of post-retrieval work with digital library resources (comparison charts, concept maps) as explicit, derived documents that can in turn be "value-added" resources in the digital library; (4) capturing elaborations that enhance the understanding of digital library resources in educational settings; and (5) supporting easy customization of such resources by other faculty, students, and researchers.