Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Urbanism and Social Organization at the Late Moche Period Site of Pampa Grande, Peru

博士论文改进补助金：秘鲁潘帕大草原莫切时代晚期遗址的城市化和社会组织

• 批准号: 0533443
• 负责人: Charles Stanish
• 金额: $ 0.96万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-01 至 2007-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0533443&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Urbanism

Under the direction of Dr. Charles Stanish, Ilana Johnson will collect data for her doctoral dissertation at the Moche site of Pampa Grande, located in the Lambayeque Valley, Peru. The site of Pampa Grande is four square kilometers of dense urban settlement and was home to tens of thousands of inhabitants at its height during the Late Moche Period (AD 600-800). Pampa Grande is most well known for its large civic-ceremonial center which includes the Huaca Fortaleza, a towering mud-brick pyramid used for rituals and administration by the site's ruling elites. Investigations for this project will be carried out in the domestic sector of the Southern Pediment of the site, believed to have housed the lower class majority. This research will assess the development of urbanism and the associated changes in social organization that occurred as people from the surrounding valley aggregated and amalgamated into a rapidly colonized center. Urban research has shown that the family is no longer autonomous in the context of the city. New forms of social organization based on socio-economic status, occupation, and ethnicity develop as unrelated people come together and form new social communities. An earlier survey by Ilana Johnson has revealed three markedly different residential areas in the Southern Pediment. Perhaps most interesting is the presence of apartment-like compounds suggesting new types of social organization beyond the household level. These three domestic areas will be sampled and compared through area excavations in order to test hypotheses regarding the social changes that occur with the development of urbanism. Excavations will be carried out within several rooms inside the apartment compounds in order to understand the layout of individual domiciles, as well as the compound as a whole. Three hypotheses will be explored in detail. First, research will explore if neighborhoods were organized by occupation or socio-economic status. Second, excavations within apartment compounds will examine if the household remained autonomous in the context of urbanism. And finally, domestic artifacts will be analyzed to determine if foreign objects represent ethnic differences or merchant ties. The resulting data will shed light onto the types of communities developed among the lower class inhabitants of Pampa Grande in prehistory. The proposed research will make contributions to the local community of Pampa Grande, to the understanding of Moche prehistory, as well as to broader anthropological theory. Public outreach will be conducted in the form of lectures, classroom visits, and donations of time and money to the local site museum. The intellectual merit of this project will be to provide data on rapid urbanism in state societies. The data recovered during investigations will shed light onto the social affiliations and stratifications that developed in response to the new physical, social, and cultural surroundings of a densely urbanized city. The broader impact is an anthropological understanding of such behavior from around the world. These data will be valuable for cross-cultural comparisons with primary urban centers in other geographic areas. As the population of the globe approaches ten billion in the next two generations, such research will be invaluable for defining strategies and adaptations employed by people in a number of different cultural contexts.

在Charles Stanish博士的指导下，Ilana约翰逊将在位于秘鲁Lambayeque山谷的Pampa Grande的Moche遗址为她的博士论文收集数据。 潘帕大草原的遗址是4平方公里的密集城市定居点，在莫什晚期（公元600-800年）的鼎盛时期是数万居民的家园。 潘帕大草原以其大型的公民仪式中心而闻名，其中包括Huaca福塔莱萨，这是一座高耸的泥砖金字塔，由该网站的统治精英用于仪式和管理。 该项目的调查将在该遗址南部山麓的住宅区进行，据信该地区居住着大多数下层阶级。 这项研究将评估城市化的发展和社会组织的相关变化，这些变化发生在周围山谷的人们聚集和合并成一个迅速殖民化的中心。 城市研究表明，家庭在城市中不再具有自主性。 基于社会经济地位、职业和种族的新的社会组织形式随着不相关的人聚集在一起形成新的社会社区而发展。 Ilana约翰逊早些时候的一项调查显示，南部山麓有三个明显不同的居住区。 也许最有趣的是公寓式化合物的存在，这表明了家庭层面之外的新型社会组织。 这三个国内地区将通过区域挖掘进行采样和比较，以测试有关城市化发展中发生的社会变化的假设。 将在公寓大院内的几个房间内进行调查，以了解各个房间的布局以及整个大院。 将详细探讨三个假设。 首先，研究将探讨社区是否按职业或社会经济地位组织。 第二，在公寓建筑群内的挖掘将考察在城市化的背景下，家庭是否保持自主。 最后，将对国内文物进行分析，以确定外国物品是否代表种族差异或商人关系。由此产生的数据将揭示史前大草原下层居民之间发展的社区类型。 拟议中的研究将有助于大潘帕当地社区，对莫切史前史的理解，以及更广泛的人类学理论。 公共宣传将以讲座、课堂参观以及向当地遗址博物馆捐赠时间和金钱的形式进行。 这个项目的学术价值将是提供国家社会快速城市化的数据。 在调查过程中恢复的数据将揭示社会联系和分层，这些社会联系和分层是为了应对人口稠密的城市的新的物理，社会和文化环境而发展的。 更广泛的影响是从人类学的角度理解世界各地的这种行为。 这些数据对于与其他地理区域的主要城市中心进行跨文化比较将是有价值的。 随着地球仪的人口在未来两代人中接近100亿，这种研究对于确定人们在许多不同文化背景下所采用的战略和适应将是非常宝贵的。