Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Urbanism and Social Organization at the Late Moche Period Site of Pampa Grande, Peru

在查尔斯·斯坦尼什博士的指导下，伊拉娜·约翰逊将在秘鲁兰巴耶克山谷潘帕格兰德的莫切遗址为她的博士论文收集数据。潘帕格兰德的遗址是一个四平方公里的密集城市定居点，在莫切晚期（公元600-800年），它是数万居民的家园。潘帕格兰德最著名的是它的大型公民仪式中心，其中包括Huaca Fortaleza，一座高耸的泥砖金字塔，用于该地区统治精英的仪式和行政管理。该项目的调查将在南侧山墙的国内部分进行，据信那里居住着下层阶级的大多数。这项研究将评估城市化的发展和社会组织的相关变化，这些变化发生在周围山谷的人们聚集和融合到一个迅速殖民的中心。城市研究表明，家庭在城市环境中不再是自主的。随着不相关的人们聚集在一起，形成新的社会社区，基于社会经济地位、职业和种族的新形式的社会组织发展起来。Ilana Johnson早期的一项调查显示，在南山墙有三个明显不同的住宅区。也许最有趣的是公寓式建筑群的出现，这暗示了超越家庭层面的新型社会组织。这三个国内地区将通过区域挖掘进行抽样和比较，以检验关于城市化发展所发生的社会变化的假设。挖掘将在公寓建筑群内的几个房间内进行，以了解单个住宅的布局，以及整个建筑群。本文将详细探讨三种假设。首先，研究将探索社区是否按职业或社会经济地位组织。其次，在公寓建筑群内的挖掘将检查家庭是否在城市化的背景下保持自主。最后，将对国内文物进行分析，以确定外国文物是否代表民族差异或商人关系。由此产生的数据将揭示史前大草原下层居民中发展的社区类型。这项拟议的研究将对大潘帕当地社区、对莫切人史前史的理解以及更广泛的人类学理论做出贡献。公众宣传将以讲座、课堂参观、向当地遗址博物馆捐赠时间和金钱的形式进行。这个项目的智力价值将是为国家社会的快速城市化提供数据。在调查过程中恢复的数据将揭示在一个密集城市化城市的新的物理、社会和文化环境中发展起来的社会联系和分层。更广泛的影响是来自世界各地的对这种行为的人类学理解。这些数据对于与其他地理区域的主要城市中心进行跨文化比较是有价值的。在未来两代人的时间里，全球人口将接近100亿，这样的研究对于确定不同文化背景下的人们所采用的策略和适应方式将是非常宝贵的。

Under the direction of Dr. Charles Stanish, Ilana Johnson will collect data for her doctoral dissertation at the Moche site of Pampa Grande, located in the Lambayeque Valley, Peru. The site of Pampa Grande is four square kilometers of dense urban settlement and was home to tens of thousands of inhabitants at its height during the Late Moche Period (AD 600-800). Pampa Grande is most well known for its large civic-ceremonial center which includes the Huaca Fortaleza, a towering mud-brick pyramid used for rituals and administration by the site's ruling elites. Investigations for this project will be carried out in the domestic sector of the Southern Pediment of the site, believed to have housed the lower class majority. This research will assess the development of urbanism and the associated changes in social organization that occurred as people from the surrounding valley aggregated and amalgamated into a rapidly colonized center. Urban research has shown that the family is no longer autonomous in the context of the city. New forms of social organization based on socio-economic status, occupation, and ethnicity develop as unrelated people come together and form new social communities. An earlier survey by Ilana Johnson has revealed three markedly different residential areas in the Southern Pediment. Perhaps most interesting is the presence of apartment-like compounds suggesting new types of social organization beyond the household level. These three domestic areas will be sampled and compared through area excavations in order to test hypotheses regarding the social changes that occur with the development of urbanism. Excavations will be carried out within several rooms inside the apartment compounds in order to understand the layout of individual domiciles, as well as the compound as a whole. Three hypotheses will be explored in detail. First, research will explore if neighborhoods were organized by occupation or socio-economic status. Second, excavations within apartment compounds will examine if the household remained autonomous in the context of urbanism. And finally, domestic artifacts will be analyzed to determine if foreign objects represent ethnic differences or merchant ties. The resulting data will shed light onto the types of communities developed among the lower class inhabitants of Pampa Grande in prehistory. The proposed research will make contributions to the local community of Pampa Grande, to the understanding of Moche prehistory, as well as to broader anthropological theory. Public outreach will be conducted in the form of lectures, classroom visits, and donations of time and money to the local site museum. The intellectual merit of this project will be to provide data on rapid urbanism in state societies. The data recovered during investigations will shed light onto the social affiliations and stratifications that developed in response to the new physical, social, and cultural surroundings of a densely urbanized city. The broader impact is an anthropological understanding of such behavior from around the world. These data will be valuable for cross-cultural comparisons with primary urban centers in other geographic areas. As the population of the globe approaches ten billion in the next two generations, such research will be invaluable for defining strategies and adaptations employed by people in a number of different cultural contexts.