Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Metals and Imperial Strategies of Administration in the Provinces: The Inka Presence in the Tarapaca Valley, Northern Chile

在Charles Stanish博士的指导下，Colleen Donley将研究印加人对智利北部塔拉帕卡山谷的并入，重点是采矿和冶金可能如何塑造了印加人在这个省级山谷中的存在，以及当地土著群体如何与这一皇权相联系。塔拉帕卡山谷和整个阿塔卡马沙漠在整个史前时期都是安第斯中南部一系列政治实体的重要金属来源，具有悠久的冶金技术历史。该地区在15世纪末被印加帝国合并，民族历史数据和跨文化比较表明，金属开采是帝国占领的主要重点。Donley女士的研究将对塔拉帕卡山谷的几个部分进行定居调查，并对印加时期(公元1400-1532年)的冶金和行政地点进行更密集的测绘、地面收集和挖掘，以检查印加人对山谷的政治控制及其与当地金属开采和制成品生产管理的关系。此外，收集和分析冶金活动的材料残留物(炉渣、炉渣、生产残渣和金属物体)将用于分析帝国影响对冶金技术和金属生产的组织方式可能产生的影响。印加征服在整个安第斯帝国的影响各不相同，这取决于帝国的目标和动机，以及当地的政治基础设施和资源可获得性。通过研究帝王遗址和地方遗址之间的功能和空间关系，以及这两个群体同时占据的遗址，这项研究将解决社会科学广泛感兴趣的一些重要的人类学问题。其中包括政治实体管理获取经济资源的战略，文化接触和征服对技术和生产组织的影响，以及在与征服相关的不断变化的经济和政治条件下，物质文化发生变化的方式。这项拟议的研究将对塔拉帕卡山谷的当地社区、对印加帝国的理解以及更广泛的人类学理论做出贡献。公众宣传将集中在帕奇卡、塔拉帕卡和瓦拉西纳等村庄，并将以讲座、课堂访问以及捐赠时间和金钱的形式进行，以帮助发展当地的研究中心。将通过一个网站向公众提供有关该项目的信息，并在学术论坛上发表更多出版物，如同行评议的期刊和编辑过的卷册。尽管社会科学家对帝国的研究已经有几个世纪了，但直到最近几十年，考古学家才不再以首都为中心，而是认真地将地方和省级地区作为皇室制度的关键组成部分。印加人对智利北部周边地区的影响是一个重要的研究领域，可以为这一不断增长的理论和经验文献做出贡献。在塔拉帕卡的研究将加强我们对金属和一般经济需求如何影响印加省级行政管理战略以及地方对皇权的反应的理解。这些数据将有助于继续发展对世界各地其他前工业帝国的社会经济和政治结构的人类学理解。最后，该项目将作为作者博士论文的数据来源，以及为来自美国、智利和秘鲁的年轻考古学家提供野外方法培训的途径。

Under the direction of Dr. Charles Stanish, Colleen Donley will examine the Inka incorporation of the Tarapaca Valley of northern Chile, focusing on how mining and metallurgy may have shaped the Inka presence in this provincial valley, as well as how local indigenous groups articulated with this imperial power. The Tarapaca Valley, and the Atacama Desert as a whole, were an important source of metals for a succession of political entities in the south-central Andes throughout prehistory and have a long history of metallurgical technology. The region was incorporated by the Inka empire in the late 15th century, and ethnohistoric data and cross-cultural comparisons suggest that metal extraction was a primary focus of the imperial occupation. Ms. Donley's research will employ settlement survey of several sections of the Tarapaca Valley, and more intensive mapping, surface collection, and excavation of Inka period (AD 1400-1532) metallurgy and administrative sites to examine Inka political control of the valley and its relationship with the management of local metal extraction and the production of finished goods. In addition, the collection and analysis of the materials remains of metallurgical activities (furnace fragments, slag, production debris, and metal objects) will be used to analyze the possible impacts of imperial influence on metallurgical technology and the ways in which production of metals was organized. The impacts of Inka conquest varied throughout its Andean empire, depending on imperial goals and motivations, as well as local political infrastructure and resource availability. By examining the functional and spatial relationships between imperial and local sites, as well as sites occupied by both groups concurrently, this research will address a number of important anthropological issues that are of broad interest to the social sciences. These include the strategies by which access to economic resources is managed by political entities, the impacts of culture contact and conquest on technology and the organization of production, and the ways in which changes in material culture occur under the shifting economic and political conditions associated with conquest. The proposed research will make contributions to the local communities of the Tarapaca Valley, to the understanding of Inka empire, as well as to broader anthropological theory. Public outreach will focus on the villages of Pachica, Tarapaca, and Huarasina, and will be conducted in the form of lectures, classroom visits, and donations of time and money to help develop a local research center. Information about the project will be made accessible to the public through a website, which will be complemented by additional publications in scholarly forums such as peer-reviewed journals and edited volumes. Although social scientists have studied empires for centuries, only in recent decades have archaeologists moved away from a capital-centric view and seriously focused on local and provincial areas as key components of imperial systems. The Inka impact on the peripheral region of northern Chile stands as a major research area that can contribute to this growing body of theoretical and empirical literature. Research in Tarapaca will strengthen our understanding of how metal, and economic needs in general, may have influenced Inka strategies of provincial administration, as well as local responses to imperial authority. These data will be relevant in the continuing development of an anthropological understanding of the socio-economic and political structure of other pre-industrial empires around the world. Finally, this project will serve as the source of data for the author's doctoral dissertation, as well as an avenue for training in field methods for young archaeologists from both the United States, Chile, and Peru.