Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Metals and Imperial Strategies of Administration in the Provinces: The Inka Presence in the Tarapaca Valley, Northern Chile

博士论文改进补助金：金属和帝国各省的行政战略：智利北部塔拉帕卡山谷的印加人的存在

• 批准号: 0633074
• 负责人: Charles Stanish
• 金额: $ 1.17万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-12-15 至 2008-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0633074&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Metals

Under the direction of Dr. Charles Stanish, Colleen Donley will examine the Inka incorporation of the Tarapaca Valley of northern Chile, focusing on how mining and metallurgy may have shaped the Inka presence in this provincial valley, as well as how local indigenous groups articulated with this imperial power. The Tarapaca Valley, and the Atacama Desert as a whole, were an important source of metals for a succession of political entities in the south-central Andes throughout prehistory and have a long history of metallurgical technology. The region was incorporated by the Inka empire in the late 15th century, and ethnohistoric data and cross-cultural comparisons suggest that metal extraction was a primary focus of the imperial occupation. Ms. Donley's research will employ settlement survey of several sections of the Tarapaca Valley, and more intensive mapping, surface collection, and excavation of Inka period (AD 1400-1532) metallurgy and administrative sites to examine Inka political control of the valley and its relationship with the management of local metal extraction and the production of finished goods. In addition, the collection and analysis of the materials remains of metallurgical activities (furnace fragments, slag, production debris, and metal objects) will be used to analyze the possible impacts of imperial influence on metallurgical technology and the ways in which production of metals was organized. The impacts of Inka conquest varied throughout its Andean empire, depending on imperial goals and motivations, as well as local political infrastructure and resource availability. By examining the functional and spatial relationships between imperial and local sites, as well as sites occupied by both groups concurrently, this research will address a number of important anthropological issues that are of broad interest to the social sciences. These include the strategies by which access to economic resources is managed by political entities, the impacts of culture contact and conquest on technology and the organization of production, and the ways in which changes in material culture occur under the shifting economic and political conditions associated with conquest. The proposed research will make contributions to the local communities of the Tarapaca Valley, to the understanding of Inka empire, as well as to broader anthropological theory. Public outreach will focus on the villages of Pachica, Tarapaca, and Huarasina, and will be conducted in the form of lectures, classroom visits, and donations of time and money to help develop a local research center. Information about the project will be made accessible to the public through a website, which will be complemented by additional publications in scholarly forums such as peer-reviewed journals and edited volumes. Although social scientists have studied empires for centuries, only in recent decades have archaeologists moved away from a capital-centric view and seriously focused on local and provincial areas as key components of imperial systems. The Inka impact on the peripheral region of northern Chile stands as a major research area that can contribute to this growing body of theoretical and empirical literature. Research in Tarapaca will strengthen our understanding of how metal, and economic needs in general, may have influenced Inka strategies of provincial administration, as well as local responses to imperial authority. These data will be relevant in the continuing development of an anthropological understanding of the socio-economic and political structure of other pre-industrial empires around the world. Finally, this project will serve as the source of data for the author's doctoral dissertation, as well as an avenue for training in field methods for young archaeologists from both the United States, Chile, and Peru.

在Charles Stanish博士的指导下，Colleen Donley将研究智利北方Tarapaca山谷的Inka公司，重点关注采矿和冶金如何塑造Inka在这个省级山谷的存在，以及当地土著群体如何与这个帝国权力相结合。 塔拉帕卡山谷和整个阿塔卡马沙漠是安第斯山脉中南部一系列政治实体在史前时期的重要金属来源，并拥有悠久的冶金技术历史。 该地区在世纪后期被印加帝国吞并，民族历史数据和跨文化比较表明，金属开采是帝国占领的主要焦点。 Donley女士的研究将采用对Tarapaca山谷几个部分的定居点调查，以及更深入的绘图，表面收集和Inka时期（公元1400-1532年）冶金和行政遗址的挖掘，以研究Inka对山谷的政治控制及其与当地金属提取和成品生产管理的关系。 此外，收集和分析冶金活动遗留的材料（熔炉碎片，炉渣，生产碎片和金属物体）将用于分析帝国影响对冶金技术的可能影响以及金属生产的组织方式。 因卡征服对整个安第斯帝国的影响各不相同，具体取决于帝国的目标和动机，以及当地的政治基础设施和资源可用性。 通过研究帝国和地方遗址之间的功能和空间关系，以及两个群体同时占据的遗址，本研究将解决一些重要的人类学问题，这些问题对社会科学具有广泛的兴趣。 这些问题包括政治实体管理经济资源的策略、文化接触和征服对技术和生产组织的影响，以及在与征服相关的经济和政治条件不断变化的情况下，物质文化发生变化的方式。 拟议的研究将有助于塔拉帕卡山谷的当地社区，对印加帝国的理解，以及更广泛的人类学理论。 公共宣传将集中在Pachica、Tarapaca和Huarasina的那些村庄，并将以讲座、课堂参观和捐赠时间和金钱的形式进行，以帮助建立当地的研究中心。 将通过一个网站向公众提供有关该项目的信息，并将通过学术论坛上的其他出版物，如同行评审期刊和编辑的书籍，予以补充。 尽管社会科学家研究帝国已有几个世纪之久，但直到最近几十年，考古学家才摆脱以首都为中心的观点，认真关注地方和省级地区作为帝国制度的关键组成部分。 印加对智利北方周边地区的影响是一个主要的研究领域，可以为这一日益增长的理论和经验文献做出贡献。 在塔拉帕卡的研究将加强我们对金属和经济需求如何影响印加省政府的战略以及当地对帝国权威的反应的理解。 这些数据将有助于人类学对世界各地其他前工业帝国的社会经济和政治结构的理解。 最后，该项目将作为作者博士论文的数据来源，以及来自美国、智利和秘鲁的年轻考古学家的实地方法培训途径。