Prehispanic State Formation in the Lupaqa Area, Peru

在国家科学基金会的支持下，查尔斯·斯坦尼什博士 将在的的喀喀湖盆地进行考古调查工作 产于秘鲁南部。 研究重点是Lupaqa， 史前的一群人，他们生存到了早期的历史时期， 在西班牙编年史中有记载 Lupaqa由一个 一个独特的、空间有限的区域集团， 身份，虽然它被征服，并纳入 蒂瓦纳库和印加帝国的继承者。 根据他之前的工作， 斯坦尼什博士将进行地表调查 他将 定位和绘制Lupaqa遗址的地图， 回收的材料，将其分配到适当的时间段。 地表残留物的范围和结构的性质 将允许对网站组织进行大量的推断， 功能 考古学家希望了解如此庞大的复杂实体 随着帝国的扩张和对臣民的控制 人口。 关于在多大程度上 涉及哪种直接武力以及使用的策略 不仅要建立，而且要维护权力。 因为 Lupaqa构成了这样一个“边缘”群体，因为他们是 连续纳入两个这样的王国，他们提供了一个 这是一个很好的背景来研究这个问题。 这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。 基本力 在今天的世界上是显而易见的。 许多国家如苏联和埃塞俄比亚， 在一个强大的中央政府的领导下， 统治 像Lupaqa这样的考古案例允许人们 研究长期以来中央和地方力量的相互作用， 段时间

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Charles Stanish will conduct archeological survey work in the Lake Titicaca Basin of Southern Peru. The research focuses on the Lupaqa, a prehistoric group which survived into early historic times and was described in Spanish chronicles. The Lupaqa consist of a distinct, spatially limited, regional group which maintained its identity although it was conquered by and incorporated into successive Tiwanaku and Inca empires. Based on his prior work in the region, Dr. Stanish will conduct a surface survey. He will locate and map Lupaqa sites, and on the basis of surface materials recovered, assign these to appropriate time periods. The nature of the extent and configuration of surface remains will permit a good deal of inference about site organization and function. Archaeologists wish to understand how large complex entities such as empires expand and maintain their control over subject populations. There is much disagreement about the extent to which direct force of arms is involved and the strategies used not only to establish but also to maintain power. Because the Lupaqa constitute such a "marginal" group and because they were consecutively incorporated into two such kingdoms they provide an excellent context in which to examine this issue. The research is important for several reasons. The basic forces which shaped Andean prehistory are evident in the world today. Many countries such as the Soviet Union and Ethiopia consist of diverse ethnic groups brought together under a strong central rule. An archaeological case such as the Lupaqa permits one to examine the interplay of central and regional forces over a long period of time.