CAREER: New Frontiers in Nuclear Astrophysics

上个世纪的科学成就之一是发展了对物质微观物理的模糊和一致的理解；另一个类似的胜利是对宇宙宏观物理的经验和定量理解的发展。Beacom的职业提案详细说明了使用中微子和其他新信使来解决每种世界观的一些剩余谜团的计划，特别是它们合成的基本问题。Beacom提出的科学工作的学术价值基于三个主要方向--超新星问题、新信使和神秘的中微子--这些相互交织在一起，以及在教育和公共宣传方面提出的工作。除其他目标外，这项科学工作旨在帮助首次探测和随后详细测量由过去的第二类超新星产生的漫射超新星中微子背景，有助于解决导致观测到的0.511 MeV伽马射线发射的银河系正电子的未知来源，利用现有的地下探测器和核物理学的见解对暗物质施加新的限制，并开发新的中微子质量模型测试。总体重点是利用实验室和天体物理数据之间的对抗来得出新的见解；应用包括超新星如何爆炸，恒星的诞生和死亡周期，核合成的历史，以及暗物质和中微子的粒子性质。为了确保拟议工作的更广泛影响，除了Beacom目前在建立跨学科联系和培训学生和博士后方面的努力外，他还提议发起新的努力，加强对聋人(和听力障碍)学生的物理和天文学教育。这将通过编写材料和活动来满足主流机构聋人学生的听力教师、主要使用美国手语的机构的聋人和听力教师以及各地聋人学生的不同需求。

One of the scientific triumphs of the past century was the development of asolid and consistent understanding of the microphysics of matter; a parallel triumph was the development of an empirical and quantitative understanding of the macrophysics of the Universe. Beacom's CAREER proposal details plans for using neutrinos and other new messengers to address some of the remaining mysteries of each worldview, and especially the essential questions of their synthesis. The Intellectual Merit of Beacom's proposed scientific work is based on three main directions -- The Supernova Problems, New Messengers, and The Mysterious Neutrino -- which are interwoven with each other and the proposed work in education and public outreach. Among other goals, the scientific work is designed to help lead to the first detection and subsequent detailed measurements and implications of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background produced by past type-II supernovae, to lead toward a resolution of the uncertain origin of the Milky Way positrons responsible for the observed 0.511 MeV gamma ray emission, to use existing underground detectors and insights from nuclear physics to place novel limits on dark matter, and to develop new tests of neutrino mass models. The overall focus is strongly oriented towards exploiting the confrontation between laboratory and astrophysical data to derive new insights; applications include how supernovae explode, the cycle of stellar birth and death, the history of nucleosynthesis, and the particle properties of dark matter and neutrinos. To ensure the Broader Impacts of the proposed work, in addition to Beacom's present efforts on forging interdisciplinary connections and training students and postdocs, he proposes to initiate new efforts to enhance the physics and astronomy education of Deaf (and hard-of-hearing) students. This would be accomplished by developing materials and activities tailored to the different needs of hearing teachers of Deaf students at mainstream institutions, the Deaf and hearing teachers of Deaf students at institutions primarily using American Sign Language, and Deaf students everywhere.