CAREER: New Frontiers in Nuclear Astrophysics

职业：核天体物理学的新领域

• 批准号: 0547102
• 负责人: John Beacom
• 金额: $ 62.67万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University Research Foundation -DO NOT USE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-12-01 至 2011-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0547102&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; New; Frontiers; Nuclear; Astrophysics

One of the scientific triumphs of the past century was the development of asolid and consistent understanding of the microphysics of matter; a parallel triumph was the development of an empirical and quantitative understanding of the macrophysics of the Universe. Beacom's CAREER proposal details plans for using neutrinos and other new messengers to address some of the remaining mysteries of each worldview, and especially the essential questions of their synthesis. The Intellectual Merit of Beacom's proposed scientific work is based on three main directions -- The Supernova Problems, New Messengers, and The Mysterious Neutrino -- which are interwoven with each other and the proposed work in education and public outreach. Among other goals, the scientific work is designed to help lead to the first detection and subsequent detailed measurements and implications of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background produced by past type-II supernovae, to lead toward a resolution of the uncertain origin of the Milky Way positrons responsible for the observed 0.511 MeV gamma ray emission, to use existing underground detectors and insights from nuclear physics to place novel limits on dark matter, and to develop new tests of neutrino mass models. The overall focus is strongly oriented towards exploiting the confrontation between laboratory and astrophysical data to derive new insights; applications include how supernovae explode, the cycle of stellar birth and death, the history of nucleosynthesis, and the particle properties of dark matter and neutrinos. To ensure the Broader Impacts of the proposed work, in addition to Beacom's present efforts on forging interdisciplinary connections and training students and postdocs, he proposes to initiate new efforts to enhance the physics and astronomy education of Deaf (and hard-of-hearing) students. This would be accomplished by developing materials and activities tailored to the different needs of hearing teachers of Deaf students at mainstream institutions, the Deaf and hearing teachers of Deaf students at institutions primarily using American Sign Language, and Deaf students everywhere.

过去世纪的科学成就之一是对物质微观物理学的坚实而一致的理解的发展;一个平行的胜利是对宇宙宏观物理学的经验和定量理解的发展。 Beacom的CAREER提案详细说明了使用中微子和其他新信使来解决每种世界观中剩余的一些谜团的计划，特别是它们的合成的基本问题。 Beacom提出的科学工作的智力价值基于三个主要方向-超新星问题，新信使和神秘的中微子-它们相互交织，并在教育和公共宣传方面提出工作。 除其他目标外，科学工作旨在帮助导致第一次探测和随后的详细测量以及过去II型超新星产生的弥散超新星中微子背景的影响，以解决银河系正电子的不确定起源问题，这些正电子是观测到的0.511 MeV伽马射线发射的原因，利用现有的地下探测器和核物理学的见解对暗物质进行新的限制，并开发中微子质量模型的新测试。 总体重点是强烈面向利用实验室和天体物理数据之间的对抗，以获得新的见解;应用包括超新星爆炸，恒星出生和死亡的周期，核合成的历史，以及暗物质和中微子的粒子特性。 为了确保拟议工作的更广泛影响，除了Beacom目前在建立跨学科联系和培训学生和博士后方面的努力外，他还建议开展新的努力，以加强聋人（和听力障碍）学生的物理学和天文学教育。 这将通过针对主流机构聋人学生的听力教师、主要使用美国手语的机构聋人和聋人学生的听力教师以及世界各地聋人学生的不同需求开发材料和活动来实现。