SGER: Fundamentals of Kinetic to Electrical Energy Conversion via Magnetic Fluids

CBET-0813598 Borca-Tasciuc尽管有几种环境能源适合于能量收集应用，包括太阳能、热能和动能，但机械振动能量收集通常最具吸引力，因为振动无处不在。然而，环境振动处于低频范围（200 Hz）。这使得基于谐波振荡器方法的高效微尺度转换器的开发变得困难，因为这些器件的基频高出几个数量级。本研究概述的研究重点是通过磁性流体（液体中磁性颗粒的悬浮液）进行动能到电能转换的新概念的概念验证演示。该想法是利用由机械振动引起的液体运动，以便致动悬浮在液体中的磁性颗粒的集合的净磁矩的周期性变化。在所提出的功率收集机制中，液体运动周期性地使颗粒沿着它们的磁矩旋转，并且集体效应在附近的线圈中产生电动势。为了提供集体效应，通过使流体经受均匀磁场来获得流体中的颗粒的磁矩的对准。无线、自主传感器网络可以在许多应用中实现连续、普遍的监测和控制，例如设备诊断和控制、机动车辆、飞机和结构监测、体内、真实的时间生物医学监测、智能服装以及智能和监视操作。此外，无线传感器和致动器的一个快速新兴的应用是家庭自动化网络，其中它们在功耗管理中发挥着关键作用。任何微传感器网络的成功实施的关键是开发本地的，微尺度的能源，以提供电力的各个传感器/执行器，因为在许多情况下，使用电池是不是一个可行的解决方案。

CBET-0813598Borca-TasciucAlthough there are several ambient energy sources suitable for energy scavenging applications including solar, thermal and kinetic energy sources, mechanical vibration energy harvesting is often most appealing as vibrations are ubiquitous. However, environmental vibrations are in the low frequency range (200 Hz). This makes difficult the development of efficient microscale converters based on the harmonic oscillator approach since the fundamental frequency of these devices is orders of magnitude higher. The research outlined in this study focuses on proof-of-concept demonstrations of a novel concept for kinetic to electrical energy conversion via magnetic fluids (suspensions of magnetic particles in a liquid). The idea is to employ the motion of a liquid induced by mechanical vibrations in order to actuate a periodic change in the net magnetic moment of a collection of magnetic particles suspended in the liquid. In the proposed mechanism of power harvesting, the liquid motion periodically rotates the particles along with their magnetic moment and the collective effect gives rise to an electromotive force in a nearby coil. To provide the collective effect, alignment of the magnetic moments of the particles in the fluid is obtained by subjecting the fluid to a uniform magnetic field. Wireless, autonomous sensor networks could enable continuous, pervasive monitoring and control in numerous applications such as equipment diagnostic and control, motor vehicle, plane and structure monitoring, in-vivo, real time biomedical monitoring, smart clothing as well as intelligence and surveillance operations. Furthermore, a rapidly emerging application of wireless sensors and actuators which is of critical importance is home automation networks, where they play a key role in the management of power consumption. Essential to the successful implementation of any microsensor network is developing local, microscale energy sources to provide electrical power to individual sensors/actuators, since in many cases using batteries is not a viable solution.