Evolution and Functional Morphology of the Gills of High-Performance Fishes

高性能鱼类鳃的进化和功能形态

• 批准号: 0817774
• 负责人: Jeffrey Graham
• 金额: $ 27.07万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-07-15 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0817774&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evolution; Functional; Morphology; Gills; Performance

Tunas, mackerels, marlins, swordfish, and sharks like the mako and great white all share a common property, which is their ability and need to swim continuously at fast speeds. This swimming requirement forces these species to expend considerable metabolic energy, and because of this, they are frequently described as "high-performance" fishes. This study investigates the functional morphology of high performance gills, which must be able to supply sufficient oxygen to power fish locomotion and also endure the structural rigor imposed by the continuous "ramming" of water through them. This research project is focused on determining what changes have occurred in the gills to both increase oxygen uptake and provide the rigidity needed to withstand the high-pressure ventilatory water flow associated with fast, continuous swimming. Collaboration between the Graham laboratory at Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the McHenry laboratory at the University of California, Irvine provides the expertise needed to examine both gill microstructure and fluid mechanics. Light and scanning electron microscopy will be used to construct computational fluid dynamic models of gill water flow. These models will be compared to in vitro studies of water flow through the gills of different species and in vivo gill studies will be conducted with mako sharks swimming in a large water tunnel. The gills of these different fish groups offer a compelling model to examine the breadth and detail of evolutionary convergence for respiratory function. The study will bring a diversity of students into contact with purposeful, hypothesis-based research and will provide additional knowledge on what many comparative physiologists regard as the most complex animal organ: the gill. The results of this research will be presented to the public through theme-based K-12 education programs in mathematics and science at the Birch Aquarium in San Diego.

金枪鱼、鲭鱼、马林鱼、剑鱼和灰鲭鲨、大白色鲨等鲨鱼都有一个共同的特性，那就是它们有能力并且需要以快速的速度持续游泳。 这种游泳的需要迫使这些物种消耗相当大的代谢能量，正因为如此，他们经常被描述为“高性能”的鱼类。 本研究调查的功能形态的高性能鳃，这必须能够提供足够的氧气，电力鱼的运动，也承受结构的严格所施加的连续“冲压”的水通过他们。该研究项目的重点是确定鳃中发生了什么变化，以增加摄氧量，并提供承受与快速，连续游泳相关的高压净化水流所需的刚度。斯克里普斯海洋研究所的格雷厄姆实验室和欧文市加州大学的麦克亨利实验室之间的合作提供了研究鳃微观结构和流体力学所需的专业知识。 光学和扫描电子显微镜将被用来构建鳃水流的计算流体动力学模型。 这些模型将进行比较，通过不同物种的鳃和体内鳃研究水流的体外研究将与鲭鲨在一个大的水洞游泳。 这些不同鱼类群体的鳃提供了一个令人信服的模型，以研究呼吸功能进化趋同的广度和细节。 这项研究将使学生的多样性与有目的的，基于假设的研究接触，并将提供更多的知识，许多比较生理学家认为是最复杂的动物器官：鳃。 这项研究的结果将通过圣地亚哥伯奇水族馆基于主题的K-12数学和科学教育计划向公众展示。