Arctic Science and Arctic Politics Under Soviet Power, 1930-1990

苏联统治下的北极科学和北极政治，1930-1990 年

• 批准号: 0820630
• 负责人: Paul Josephson
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Colby College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-15 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0820630&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Arctic; Science; Politics; Under; Soviet

The study of the role of science and technology in the conquest of the Russian Arctic under Soviet power has great significance for historians of science and technology, environmental historians, scientists, social scientists and policy makers. It is timely given the ongoing third International Polar Year and President Vladimir Putin's recent claims to the North Pole and a large part of the Arctic Ocean. It will shed light on questions of empire and science, center-periphery relations, and the tension between universal science and local knowledge. Specifically, it will contribute significantly to understanding how politics, economics and ideology shaped Soviet science and technology. The following questions will be addressed in this project: To what extent did the Communist officials and scientists share goals and understandings of what science was and how best to support it? How did Marxism, science and technology combine to create the urban, industrial effort to transform the far north? What were Soviet conceptions of nature, the north, and indigenous peoples? How do modern science and technology serve empire building? These questions are all facets to the following unifying question: How did Soviet military, economic and political desiderata shape arctic science and technology? The project will result in several publications of great interest not only to historians but to policy makers. Several of the publications will deal with "Continuity and Change: Russian Science and Politics in the Arctic in the Twenty-first Century." Archival materials, interviews, and various publications will be consulted in analysis of the founding of the research and development apparatus in the north, the construction of cities and industries connected with them, and the establishment of such fields of science as hydrology and hydrography, meteorology, forestry, and metallurgy.

研究科学技术在苏联统治下征服俄罗斯北极的过程中所起的作用，对科技史学者、环境史家、科学家、社会科学家和政策制定者具有重要意义。鉴于正在进行的第三个国际极地年和弗拉基米尔·普京总统最近对北极和大部分北冰洋的主张，这是及时的。它将揭示帝国与科学、中心与边缘关系、普遍科学与地方知识之间的紧张关系等问题。具体来说，它将有助于理解政治、经济和意识形态如何影响苏联的科学技术。以下问题将在这个项目中得到解决：共产党官员和科学家在多大程度上分享了科学的目标和理解，以及如何最好地支持科学？马克思主义、科学和技术是如何结合起来创造城市和工业的努力来改变遥远的北方的？苏联人对自然、北方和土著人民的看法是什么？现代科学技术如何为帝国建设服务？这些问题都是以下统一问题的各个方面：苏联的军事、经济和政治愿望是如何塑造北极科技的？这个项目将产生几份不仅对历史学家而且对决策者都很有兴趣的出版物。其中几份出版物将涉及“延续与变化：21世纪北极地区的俄罗斯科学与政治”。档案资料、采访和各种出版物将被用于分析北方研究和发展机构的建立，与之相关的城市和工业的建设，以及诸如水文学和水文、气象学、林业和冶金学等科学领域的建立。