Long-term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB): Rapid evolution of a Threespine Stickleback Population

环境生物学长期研究（LTREB）：三刺刺鱼种群的快速进化

• 批准号: 0919184
• 负责人: Michael Bell
• 金额: $ 4.97万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-01 至 2013-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0919184&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Long; term; Research; Environmental; Biology

Evolutionary history is generally studied by comparing species that shared a common ancestor thousands to millions of generations ago, but evolutionary processes are studied over relatively few generations. Hence, conclusions from studies on processes must be extrapolated through time and among species to interpret history. This project makes use of a unique study system involving the stickleback fish, in order to directly integrate evolutionary history and process. A sea-run stickleback population colonized an Alaskan lake in the 1980's and subsequently underwent rapid evolution. When first sampled in 1990, it closely resembled sea-run sticklebacks in body shape and size, the shape of the gill cover, armor plates, feeding structures, and the genes that control armor and regulate the salt concentration in body fluids. Annual sampling revealed progressive evolutionary change of every trait towards those of older lake populations, from which it is now almost indistinguishable. This project will continue the long term study of this lake population, and expand the work to study the evolution of fish immunity to disease agents that are prevalent in freshwater lakes. This project also initiates new research on additional sea-run stickleback populations that are at the earliest stages of colonization of freshwater lakes. Evolution of these sea-run populations simulates the history by which countless freshwater populations have evolved since the last ice age. This study has broader relevance to predicting the adaptability of fish species in the face of global climate change and intensive fishing pressure on commercial species. It will also provide valuable information on the evolution of immune response to emerging infectious disease. The project gives undergraduate students hands-on research experience. Data from this project will be posted annually on a publically accessible website, and the time series of fish collections documenting rapid evolution will be deposited in the Yale Peabody Museum for further study.

通常通过比较共同祖先数千代人与数百万年前的物种来研究进化史，但是在相对较少的几代人中研究了进化过程。 因此，必须在时间和物种之间推断出关于过程的研究的结论，以解释历史。 该项目利用了涉及粘性鱼类的独特研究系统，以直接整合进化的历史和过程。 海上的棍子种群在1980年代殖民了阿拉斯加湖，随后经历了快速发展。 当1990年首次采样时，它与体形和大小的海上粘背非常相似，g盖的形状，装甲板，喂食结构以及控制装甲和调节体液中盐浓度的基因。 年度抽样显示，每个特征的逐渐进化变化向较老的湖泊人群的特征变化，现在几乎是无法区分的。 该项目将继续对该湖泊人口进行长期研究，并扩大研究的工作，以研究淡水湖中普遍存在的鱼类免疫对疾病剂的进化。 该项目还对淡水湖泊最早阶段的其他海上棍子种群进行了新的研究。 这些海上人群的演变模拟了自上次冰河时代以来无数淡水种群进化的历史。这项研究与预测面对全球气候变化和对商业物种的强烈捕鱼压力预测鱼类的适应性具有更广泛的意义。 它还将提供有关免疫反应对新兴传染病的进化的宝贵信息。 该项目为本科生动手研究经验。 该项目的数据将每年发布在公开访问的网站上，记录快速进化的鱼类收集时间序列将存放在耶鲁Peabody博物馆进行进一步研究。