Long-term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB): Rapid evolution of a Threespine Stickleback Population

环境生物学长期研究（LTREB）：三刺刺鱼种群的快速进化

• 批准号: 0919184
• 负责人: Michael Bell
• 金额: $ 4.97万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-01 至 2013-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0919184&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Long; term; Research; Environmental; Biology

Evolutionary history is generally studied by comparing species that shared a common ancestor thousands to millions of generations ago, but evolutionary processes are studied over relatively few generations. Hence, conclusions from studies on processes must be extrapolated through time and among species to interpret history. This project makes use of a unique study system involving the stickleback fish, in order to directly integrate evolutionary history and process. A sea-run stickleback population colonized an Alaskan lake in the 1980's and subsequently underwent rapid evolution. When first sampled in 1990, it closely resembled sea-run sticklebacks in body shape and size, the shape of the gill cover, armor plates, feeding structures, and the genes that control armor and regulate the salt concentration in body fluids. Annual sampling revealed progressive evolutionary change of every trait towards those of older lake populations, from which it is now almost indistinguishable. This project will continue the long term study of this lake population, and expand the work to study the evolution of fish immunity to disease agents that are prevalent in freshwater lakes. This project also initiates new research on additional sea-run stickleback populations that are at the earliest stages of colonization of freshwater lakes. Evolution of these sea-run populations simulates the history by which countless freshwater populations have evolved since the last ice age. This study has broader relevance to predicting the adaptability of fish species in the face of global climate change and intensive fishing pressure on commercial species. It will also provide valuable information on the evolution of immune response to emerging infectious disease. The project gives undergraduate students hands-on research experience. Data from this project will be posted annually on a publically accessible website, and the time series of fish collections documenting rapid evolution will be deposited in the Yale Peabody Museum for further study.

进化史通常是通过比较数千至数百万代前拥有共同祖先的物种来研究的，但进化过程的研究相对较少。 因此，对过程的研究结论必须通过时间和物种之间的推断来解释历史。 本计画利用一套独特的棘鱼研究系统，直接整合棘鱼的演化历史与过程。 在20世纪80年代，一群海游棘鱼在阿拉斯加的一个湖泊定居，随后经历了快速的进化。 当1990年第一次采样时，它在身体形状和大小，鳃盖的形状，装甲板，进食结构以及控制装甲和调节体液中盐浓度的基因方面与海跑刺鱼非常相似。 年度采样揭示了每一个性状的渐进进化变化对那些老湖种群，它现在几乎是难以区分的。 该项目将继续对该湖泊种群进行长期研究，并扩大研究工作，以研究鱼类对淡水湖泊中流行的疾病病原体的免疫力的演变。 该项目还启动了新的研究额外的海运行刺鱼种群，在淡水湖泊殖民化的最早阶段。 这些海栖种群的进化模拟了自上一个冰河时代以来无数淡水种群的进化历史。这项研究对于预测鱼类在全球气候变化和商业物种面临密集捕捞压力时的适应性具有更广泛的相关性。 它还将提供有关对新出现的传染病的免疫反应演变的宝贵信息。 该项目为本科生提供了实践研究经验。 该项目的数据将每年发布在一个可供访问的网站上，记录快速进化的鱼类收藏的时间序列将存放在耶鲁皮博迪博物馆供进一步研究。