MRI: Acquisition of Light Stable Isotope Mass Spectrometers for Research and Teaching in Geochemistry, Paleobiology, and Cosmochemistry

0923831科尔曼“这个奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助。“这项提案旨在为购买两台光稳定同位素质谱仪提供资金。这些仪器将被纳入芝加哥大学新装修的稳定同位素地球化学实验室。目前，该设施中的“最新”IRMS是一台使用了20年的Delta E，无法进行连续流操作。该提案寻求一种Thermo Delta V Plus IRMS，其配置为具有各种引入接口（EA，TCEA，GasBench II）的连续流。这将允许测定大量的H、C、N、O和S同位素。此外，还需要MAT 253 IRMS用于二氧化碳、一氧化碳和硫同位素研究。IRMS将用于了解海洋磷循环和海洋地球化学。无机磷氧同位素组成在河流、河口和海洋系统中存在差异。同位素测量将用于跟踪淡水和沿海系统中的磷循环。由细菌和古细菌的Pi循环将从不平衡测量推断。将在海洋剖面中测量同位素不平衡，以更好地了解有机质周转。这些测量要求TCEA具有逆流配置。硫同位素将用于了解非质量依赖的光化学和古（大气）硫循环。实验将在无氧/无臭氧的气氛中，在一定范围的紫外线照射下用二氧化硫进行。将进行补充氧同位素测量，以加强对太古代大气中氧分压的限制。青藏高原的应变将从地壳俯冲、地壳增厚、地幔岩石圈移动和抬升等方面进行分析。轻稳定同位素古测高将成为分析方法？利用在地形降水中的氧和氢中看到的强分馏效应。将使用集总同位素测温法将古温度估计值精确到±2 °C以内。IRMS分析将用于阐明海绵代谢及其对营养物贫乏的珊瑚礁系统中营养物循环的影响。诊断基因转录本最近已被确定在海绵共生体牵连固氮相关细菌。一氧化碳代谢在地球早期可能很重要？的历史。PI和合作者将研究厌氧一氧化碳营养微生物生长过程中的碳同位素分馏。将开发一种改进的进样回路系统，允许更小的样本量并最终提高精度。PI旨在进行与次要碳和氧同位素相关的计算，以推断CO温度的形成。这些仪器将被纳入现有的加州大学同位素实验室，并将支持多个部门。此次收购将代表中西部唯一的同位素测量能力（并提供相互校准的可能性）。稳定同位素将用于本科生和研究生一级的四门新课程或修订课程。该实验室还将支持一个导师计划，培训来自南芝加哥贫困地区的高中教师。同位素测量将纳入四门新的或经修订的课程。有超过70名研究生和~70名博士后也将受益。主要研究者将负责两个购置的综合资源管理系统的整体操作和维护。将雇用一名全职技术员管理实验室的日常使用和费用回收。薪酬将用于支付剩余的工资和消耗品。空间可用于容纳新的IRMS系统，包括适当的功率，温度，冷却和湿度要求。可提供氟化和真空管线。样本的优先顺序将是透明的，并向外部用户公布。因此，这笔赠款将导致在芝加哥大学的一个新的招聘职位，除了设备购买。*

0923831Colman "This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)." This proposal seeks funding for acquisition of two light stable isotope mass spectrometers. These instruments will be incorporated into the newly renovated stable isotope geochemistry lab at the University of Chicago. The "newest" IRMS currently in the facility is a 20 year old Delta E which cannot be fitted for continuous flow operation. The proposal seeks a Thermo Delta V Plus IRMS configured for continuous flow with various introduction interfaces (EA, TCEA, GasBench II). This will allow determination of bulk H, C, N, O and S isotopes. Additionally, a MAT 253 IRMS for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur isotopologue studies is requested. The IRMS will be used to understand the marine phosphorous cycle and biogeochemistry. The inorganic phosphorous oxygen isotope composition differs among riverine, estuarine and marine systems. Isotopic measurements will be used to track P cycling in freshwaters and coastal systems. Pi cycling by bacteria and archaea will be inferred from disequilibrium measurements. Isotopic disequilibria will be measured in oceanic profiles to better understand OM turnover. These measurements require the TCEA with reverse-flow configuration. Sulfur isopotologues will be used to understand non-mass-dependent photochemical and paleo- (atmospheric) sulfur cycling. Experiments will be conducted with sulfur dioxide under a range of uv irradiation in oxygen/ozone-free atmospheres. Complementary oxygen isotopes measurements will be made in order to tighten constraints on oxygen partial pressures in the Archean atmosphere. Strain across the Tibetan plateau will be analyzed in terms of crustal subduction, crustal thickening, mantle lithosphere removal, and elevation. Light stable isotope paleoaltimetry will be the analytical method ? using the strong fractionation effects seen in oxygen and hydrogen in orographic precipitation. Clumped isotope thermometry will be used to refine paleotemperature estimates to within ±2 °C. IRMS analysis will be used to elucidate sponge metabolism and its impact on nutrient cycling in nutrient-poor reef systems. Diagnostic gene transcripts have recently been identified in sponge symbionts implicating nitrogen fixation in associated bacteria. CO metabolism was likely significant in early Earth?s history. The PI and collaborators will study carbon isotopic fractionation during anaerobic carboxydotrophic microbial growth. A modified injection loop system will be developed allowing smaller sample size(s) and ultimately increased precision. The PI intends to perform calculations relating minor carbon and oxygen isotopologues to infer CO temperature formation. The instruments will be incorporated into the existing UC isotope laboratory and will support multiple departments. The acquisition will represent the only isotopologue measurement capability in the Midwest (and offer inter-calibration possibilities). Stable isotopes will be used in four new or revised courses at the undergraduate and graduate level. The laboratory will also support a mentorship program to train high school teachers from disadvantaged areas of South Chicago. Isotope measurements will be incorporated into four new or revised courses. There are over 70 graduate students and ~70 post-docs who would also benefit. The PI will be responsible for the overall operation and maintenance of both acquired IRMS systems. A full-time technician will be hired to manage day-to-day laboratory use and cost recovery. Remuneration will be used to cover remaining salary and consumables. Space is available to house the new IRMS systems including proper power, temperature, chilling and humidity requirements. Fluorination and vacuum lines are available. Sample prioritization will be transparent and published for outside users. This grant will thus lead to a new hire position at the University of Chicago in addition to equipment purchase.***