Balloon-Borne Measurements of Vertical Profiles of Aerosols, Condensation Nuclei, and CloudCondensation Nuclei

本项目的重点是继续和扩大在怀俄明州的拉勒米（北纬41度，西经105度）进行的垂直气溶胶剖面测量。平流层测量对于评估火山静止或背景期间平流层气溶胶浓度的维持水平，从而了解平流层气溶胶水平在过去30年中是否受到人为（或自然）影响的扰动是很重要的。空中交通日益增加的影响尤其令人关切。将通过寻找气球上的测量结果与该区域空中交通尾流的交叉点，研究空中交通对气溶胶浓度的直接影响。在全球气候模式中描述对流层气溶胶的直接影响和云凝结核（CCN）的间接影响是我们理解全球热平衡的一个很大的不确定性来源，通过对对流层气溶胶和凝结核进行更精确的测量，可以减少这一影响。继续测量将包括凝结核（CN）和光学可探测的气溶胶（半径在0.15和2.0 μ m之间），距地表30公里，CCN距地表约13公里。气球飞行的频率将是大约每月一次，因为它已经在过去。除了在拉勒米进行测量外，还将继续在新西兰兰黛（45 ° S）进行年度测量。将部署两个云凝结核计数器和一个新的多角度气溶胶仪器，首次提供云凝结核光谱的垂直剖面。第二个CCN计数器将在本项目下建造。这两台云凝结核仪器将允许在两个过饱和度下进行云凝结核测量，从而提供云凝结核光谱。正在其他支助下开发的多角度气溶胶仪器将用于对流层气溶胶粒子折射率的研究。为了补充这些测量，计划与其他两名研究人员合作。位于欧文的加州大学的Darin Toohey博士将结合这些气溶胶测量对拉勒米的ClO/BrO进行近似季节性的剖面测量，以研究中纬度ClO/BrO的非均匀处理。一位意大利同事计划使用球载激光散射仪参与研究对流层粒子的折射率。

This project focuses on continuing and extending vertical aerosol profile measurements at Laramie, Wyoming (41░N, 105░W). The stratospheric measurements are important to assess the level at which stratospheric aerosol concentrations are maintained during volcanically quiescent, or background, periods, and thus to understand if the stratospheric aerosol level has been perturbed by anthropogenic (or natural) influences over the past 30 years. In particular, the impact of increasing air traffic is a concern. Direct effects of air traffic on aerosol concentration will be studied by looking for intersections of the balloon-borne measurements with the wakes of air traffic in the region. Characterizing the direct effects of tropospheric aerosol and the indirect effects of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in global climate models is a large source of uncertainty in our understanding of the global heat balance, which can be reduced through more refined measurements of tropospheric aerosol and CCN.The continuing measurements will consist of condensation nuclei (CN) and optically detectable aerosol (with a radius between 0.15 and 2.0 um), from the surface to 30 km, and CCN from the surface to about 13 km. The balloon flight frequency will be about once per month as it has been in the past. In addition to measurements in Laramie, yearly measurements from Lauder, New Zealand (45░S) will be continued. Two CCN counters and a new multi-angle aerosol instrument will be deployed, providing vertical profiles of CCN spectra for the first time. The second CCN counter will be built under this project. The two CCN instruments will allow CCN measurements at two supersaturations, thus providing CCN spectra. The multi-angle aerosol instrument, which is being developed under other support, will be used in studies of the index of refraction of tropospheric aerosol particles. To supplement these measurements, collaborations with two other investigators are planned. Dr. Darin Toohey, University of California at Irvine, will make approximately seasonal profile measurements of ClO/BrO from Laramie in conjunction with these aerosol measurements, in order to study mid latitude heterogeneous processing of ClO/BrO. An Italian colleague plans to participate with a balloon-borne laser scatterometer to investigate the index of refraction of tropospheric particles.