Development of a Suite of Balloon-borne Aerosol Instruments to Provide Size Resolved Concentration Measurements Between 0.03 and 30 Micrometers

开发一套气球载气溶胶仪器，提供 0.03 至 30 微米之间的尺寸分辨浓度测量

• 批准号: 0216558
• 负责人: Terry Deshler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Wyoming
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-10-01 至 2008-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0216558&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Development; Suite; Balloon; borne; Aerosol

A suite of new balloon-borne aerosol instruments capable of making size distribution measurements spanning the range from 0.03 - 30 micrometers in radius will be developed. This capability will require the development of two new instruments, and improvements to a third. The present capability consists of instruments to measure condensation nuclei and optically detectable aerosols from the surface to 30 km. These instruments have been developed at the University of Wyoming, and have a long history of successful measurements in the mid latitudes and polar regions. The expanded measurements will include one new instrument with size resolution for small particles, and a second new instrument with sensitivity to particles at the large end of the spectrum.This work will improve present capability to perform balloon-borne measurements of stratospheric aerosol concentrations during volcanically quiescent, or background, periods, to capture the effects of major volcanic eruptions, and to continue investigations into the characteristics of polar stratospheric clouds. Aerosol surfaces play a fundamental role in determining stratospheric ozone through their influence on the nitrogen cycle. Extending present measurement capability to lower sizes will provide more accurate estimates of stratospheric aerosol surface area during periods of low aerosol loading. Under those conditions, the particles are primarily below the size detection capabilities of present balloon-borne instruments and well below the sensitivity of satellite instruments. The new capability will help resolve currently existing discrepancies between in situ and satellite measurements, provide new information on the source and evolution of both background stratospheric aerosol and free tropospheric aerosol, and the sizes of cloud condensation nuclei.The expanded size coverage at the large, low concentration, end of the aerosol spectrum will be directly applicable to answer questions related to the removal of nitrogen oxides from the polar stratosphere. This process of denitrification plays a critical role in determining the longevity of the ozone loss which occurs in the winter polar regions. The role of large particles at low concentrations in denitrification was discovered in 2000 in the Arctic and there are only a few such measurements. It is not known how prevalent this process is, how large the particles can become, or what their size distributions are.

将开发一套新的球载气溶胶仪器，能够测量半径为0.03 - 30微米的粒径分布。 这一能力将需要开发两种新的工具，并改进第三种工具。 目前的能力包括从地面到30公里测量凝结核和光学可探测气溶胶的仪器。 这些仪器是由怀俄明州大学研制的，在中纬度和极地地区成功测量的历史悠久。 扩大后的测量将包括一台对小颗粒具有尺寸分辨率的新仪器，以及另一台对光谱大端的颗粒具有灵敏度的新仪器，这项工作将提高目前在火山静止或背景期间对平流层浮质浓度进行气球测量的能力，以捕捉重大火山爆发的影响，并继续研究极地平流层云的特征。 气溶胶表面通过其对氮循环的影响在确定平流层臭氧方面发挥着根本性的作用。 将目前的测量能力扩展到更小的尺寸，将在气溶胶含量低的时期提供对平流层气溶胶表面积的更准确的估计。 在这些条件下，粒子的大小基本上低于目前球载仪器的探测能力，也远低于卫星仪器的灵敏度。 新的能力将有助于解决目前现场和卫星测量之间存在的差异，提供关于背景平流层气溶胶和自由对流层气溶胶的来源和演变以及云凝结核大小的新信息。气溶胶光谱的末端将直接适用于回答有关从极地平流层中去除氮氧化物的问题。 这种反硝化过程在决定冬季极地地区臭氧损失的寿命方面起着关键作用。 2000年在北极发现了低浓度的大颗粒在反硝化作用中的作用，只有少数这样的测量。 目前还不知道这个过程有多普遍，颗粒可以变得多大，或者它们的尺寸分布是什么。