Completing, Validating, and Linking Learning Trajectories for K-8 Rational Number Reasoning Tied to the Common Core Standards

该项目将建立和验证分数，比率，小数和百分比的数学学习轨迹（LT），以代表3-7年级学生的学习。将开发一个系统，自动收集实地测试评估项目的数据，以确定学生达到的熟练程度。将制作三个LT并进行沿着验证，其中每个轨迹的评估项目超过125个。这些评估项目将有助于诊断学生的学习。移动的手机、平板电脑和计算机等技术将用于提供、分析和报告学生的诊断数据。学习轨迹将提供电子版和印刷版。专业水平将提供成果空间，示范项目，学生工作，和学生的反应视频。出版物将提供诊断项目和评估的分析数据。该项目将由北卡罗来纳州州立大学的研究人员与RoleModel软件公司合作完成，本研究将透过文献回顾、整堂教学实验、临床访谈及大规模评估，发展出学习轨迹。在3年级的学生将被观察和采访，而从事分数，比率，小数和百分的工作。其中一些学生将在两年内接受纵向观察。4至8年级的其他学生将接受采访。 对于这三个轨迹中的每一个，将制定大约150个评估项目，并与一大群人进行实地测试。 将制定三个学习轨迹，并以电子方式提供辅助材料。学习轨迹将与数学共同核心国家标准（CCSS）协调进行。由于学习轨迹和材料将为实施CCSS的教师提供信息，因此这项工作有可能吸引并接触到大量受众。出版物将提供诊断项目和评估的分析数据。研究人员将寻求让更多受众访问该软件以访问和检索项目的方法。

This project will build and validate learning trajectories (LTs) in mathematics for fraction, ratio, and for decimal and percent to represent learning by grades 3-7 students. A system will be developed to automate data collection for field testing assessment items to determine students' attainment of proficiency levels. Three LTs will be produced and validated along with over 125 assessment items for each of these three trajectories. These assessment items will be useful for diagnosing student learning. Technologies such as mobile phones, tablets, and computers will be used to deliver, analyze, and report diagnostic data on students. The learning trajectories will be available both electronically and in print. The levels of proficiencies will be provided with the outcome spaces, the exemplary items, the student work, and videos of student responses. Publications will provide data on analysis of the diagnostic items and assessments. The project will be done by researchers at the North Carolina State University in collaboration with RoleModel Software Inc.,and the University of Maryland.The learning trajectories will be developed through literature reviews, whole class teaching experiments, clinical interviews, and large-scale assessments. Students in grade 3 will be observed and interviewed while engaging in work on fractions, ratios, decimal, and precents. Some of these students will be observed longitudinally over the two years. Other students from grades 4 through 8 will be interviewed. For each of the three trajectories, about 150 assessment items will be developed and field tested with a large group. Three learning trajectories will be developed and made available electronically with supporting materials. The learning trajectories will be done in coordination with the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) in mathematics. Because the learning trajectories and materials will be informative to teachers who will be implementing the CCSS, the work has the potential to appeal to and reach a very large audience. Publications will provide data on analysis of the diagnostic items and assessments. The researchers will seek ways for a greater audience to have access to the software for accessing and retrieving items.