Completing, Validating, and Linking Learning Trajectories for K-8 Rational Number Reasoning Tied to the Common Core Standards

该项目将建立和验证分数、比率、小数和百分比的数学学习轨迹（lt），以代表3-7年级学生的学习。将开发一个系统，自动收集实地测试评估项目的数据，以确定学生是否达到熟练程度。将为这三种轨迹分别生产和验证三个lt以及超过125个评估项目。这些评估项目将有助于诊断学生的学习情况。手机、平板电脑和电脑等技术将被用于传递、分析和报告学生的诊断数据。学习轨迹将以电子形式和印刷形式提供。熟练程度将提供结果空间，示范项目，学生作业和学生回答的视频。出版物将提供有关诊断项目和评估的分析数据。该项目将由北卡罗来纳州立大学的研究人员与角色模型软件公司和马里兰大学合作完成。学习轨迹将透过文献回顾、课堂教学实验、临床访谈和大规模评估来发展。三年级的学生将在进行分数、比率、小数和百分数的作业时进行观察和访谈。其中一些学生将在两年内进行纵向观察。其他四年级到八年级的学生也将接受面试。对于这三种轨迹中的每一种，将开发大约150个评估项目，并在一个大群体中进行现场测试。将制定三个学习轨迹，并以电子方式提供辅助材料。学习轨迹将与共同核心州标准（CCSS）在数学方面进行协调。由于学习轨迹和材料将为实施CCSS的教师提供信息，因此这项工作有可能吸引并触及大量受众。出版物将提供有关诊断项目和评估的分析数据。研究人员将设法让更多的读者能够使用该软件访问和检索项目。

This project will build and validate learning trajectories (LTs) in mathematics for fraction, ratio, and for decimal and percent to represent learning by grades 3-7 students. A system will be developed to automate data collection for field testing assessment items to determine students' attainment of proficiency levels. Three LTs will be produced and validated along with over 125 assessment items for each of these three trajectories. These assessment items will be useful for diagnosing student learning. Technologies such as mobile phones, tablets, and computers will be used to deliver, analyze, and report diagnostic data on students. The learning trajectories will be available both electronically and in print. The levels of proficiencies will be provided with the outcome spaces, the exemplary items, the student work, and videos of student responses. Publications will provide data on analysis of the diagnostic items and assessments. The project will be done by researchers at the North Carolina State University in collaboration with RoleModel Software Inc.,and the University of Maryland.The learning trajectories will be developed through literature reviews, whole class teaching experiments, clinical interviews, and large-scale assessments. Students in grade 3 will be observed and interviewed while engaging in work on fractions, ratios, decimal, and precents. Some of these students will be observed longitudinally over the two years. Other students from grades 4 through 8 will be interviewed. For each of the three trajectories, about 150 assessment items will be developed and field tested with a large group. Three learning trajectories will be developed and made available electronically with supporting materials. The learning trajectories will be done in coordination with the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) in mathematics. Because the learning trajectories and materials will be informative to teachers who will be implementing the CCSS, the work has the potential to appeal to and reach a very large audience. Publications will provide data on analysis of the diagnostic items and assessments. The researchers will seek ways for a greater audience to have access to the software for accessing and retrieving items.