RAPID: Immediate Behavioral Response to Earthquakes in New Zealand and Japan

美国有相当一部分面临地震风险的人口生活和工作在可能在大地震发生时部分或完全倒塌的建筑物中。没有技术可以提供当地地震的预警，所以人们？人们对地震摇晃的即时反应很可能决定他们是否能在地震中幸存下来。不幸的是，关于人的研究文献？与有关龙卷风或飓风响应的文献，甚至与有关冲击前地震危险调整的文献相比，这在一定程度上是因为大地震在美国是罕见的事件，所以很少有机会研究它们。这使得与新西兰和日本的研究人员合作检查他们的居民变得尤为重要。对最近发生在基督城和东北的地震的即时反应。该项目将向基督城和东北地震灾区的1200名居民发送调查问卷。使用我们的标准邮件调查程序，我们希望得到30- 50%的范围内的响应率。这个项目将延长美国调查员？最近通过记录人们对美属萨摩亚地震和海啸的研究？的行为反应，以及他们在接下来的半个小时内采取的所有行动后，震动停止。此外，我们将收集数据并分析物理环境的影响（例如，在各种类型的开放空间、车辆和建筑物中的位置）和社会背景（例如，单独、与儿童、与已知的成年人或与成年陌生人），先前的地震经历（例如，损害或伤亡），危险教育（例如，会议或小册子），以及家庭应急准备（例如，应急计划，应急包，电池收音机）的人？的行为反应。这项研究的一个主要贡献将是评估人的影响？的直接情绪反应对他们的行为反应。虽然人？的情绪反应很可能对他们的行为产生重大影响，这类变量在以前的地震反应研究中几乎完全被忽略，即使在少数情况下也没有得到充分的研究。

A substantial portion of the US population at risk from earthquakes lives and works in structures that are likely to experience partial or complete collapse in the event of a major earthquake. There is no technology available that provides forewarning of local earthquakes, so people?s immediate response to earthquake shaking is very likely to determine whether they survive the event. Unfortunately, the research literature on people?s immediate response to earthquake shaking is quite small in comparison to the literature on responses to tornadoes or hurricanes or even the literature on pre-impact seismic hazard adjustments. In part, this is because major earthquakes are rare events in the US so there are few opportunities to study them. This makes it especially important to collaborate with researchers in New Zealand and Japan to examine their residents? immediate responses to the recent earthquakes in Christchurch and Tohoku. The proposed project will send questionnaires to 1200 residents in areas stricken by the Christchurch and Tohoku earthquakes. Using our standard mail survey procedures, we expect to get a response rate in the range of 30-50%. This project will extend the American investigators? recent research on the earthquake and tsunami in American Samoa by documenting people?s behavioral response during the earthquake shaking and all of the actions they took during the next half hour after the shaking stopped. In addition, we will collect data and conduct analyses of the effects of physical context (e.g., location in open spaces, vehicles, and buildings of various types) and social context (e.g., alone, with children, with known adults, or with adult strangers), previous earthquake experience (e.g., damage or casualties), hazard education (e.g., meetings or brochures), and household emergency preparedness (e.g., emergency plan, emergency kit, battery radio) on people?s behavioral responses. A major contribution of this study will be to assess the effects of people?s immediate emotional reactions on their behavioral responses. Although people?s emotional reactions are likely to have a significant effect on their behavior, this class of variables has been almost completely ignored in previous research on earthquake response and has been studied inadequately even in the few cases when it has been addressed.