Collaborative Research: DRU: Community Risk Management of Hurricane and Tsunami Surge Hazards

合作研究：DRU：飓风和海啸浪潮危害的社区风险管理

• 批准号: 0527699
• 负责人: Michael Lindell
• 金额: $ 41.2万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-02-01 至 2011-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0527699&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; DRU; Community; Risk

This project develops tools for assessing coastal communities best options for protecting themselves from hurricane and tsunami surge hazards. The investigators create comprehensive and integrated models of surge impacts, warning transmission, and evacuation behavior. These models help emergency managers decide which neighborhoods can safely evacuate from the risk area, which must seek shelter in safe havens, and when these actions must be initiated. The development of these models requires close interdisciplinary collaboration among the fields of social and behavioral science, information technology, and hydrodynamics. The need for, and level of investment in, emergency response capability depends on the community context in which these programs operate. Consequently, data are collected on the extent to which vulnerable communities have already adopted land use and building construction practices that reduce their surge hazard vulnerability.This project has five tasks, the first of which is the development of mathematical models of surge hazard casualties and damage. The second task is the refinement of the investigators evacuation models through surveys that provide additional input data for those models. The third task involves systematic comparisons between a hurricane evacuation management decision support system (EMDSS) and a tsunami scenario simulator (SIM-TSUNAMI) to identify features in each that would enhance the other. The fourth task is an evaluation of EMDSS and SIM-TSUNAMI in terms of their functionality and usability. The fifth task is a community policy process review that assesses changes in households tsunami hazard awareness and emergency preparedness and examines the processes influencing community management of hurricane and tsunami surge hazards. The research team will incorporate the findings into two computer models, EMDSS and SIM-TSUNAMI; their quantitative prediction capabilities will assist coastal jurisdictions in their surge hazard mitigation planning and emergency preparedness programs. The investigators will also develop the functionality and usability of these models to make them more suitable for use by emergency managers, land use planners, and transportation planners for jurisdictions along the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts.

本项目开发工具，用于评估沿海社区保护自己免受飓风和海啸风暴潮危害的最佳选择。研究人员创建了浪涌影响、预警传播和疏散行为的综合模型。这些模型帮助应急管理人员决定哪些社区可以安全地从危险地区撤离，哪些社区必须在安全港寻求庇护，以及何时必须采取这些行动。这些模型的发展需要社会和行为科学、信息技术和流体力学等领域之间密切的跨学科合作。应急响应能力的需求和投资水平取决于这些项目运作的社区环境。因此，收集的数据表明，脆弱社区已经在多大程度上采用了减少其易受浪涌危害的土地使用和建筑实践。本项目有五项任务，第一项任务是建立浪涌灾害伤亡和损失的数学模型。第二个任务是通过为这些模型提供额外输入数据的调查来改进调查人员的疏散模型。第三项任务涉及飓风疏散管理决策支持系统（EMDSS）和海啸情景模拟器（SIM-TSUNAMI）之间的系统比较，以确定两者中可以增强对方的特征。第四项任务是从功能和可用性方面对EMDSS和SIM-TSUNAMI进行评估。第五项任务是社区政策进程审查，评估家庭对海啸灾害的认识和应急准备方面的变化，并审查影响社区管理飓风和海啸潮灾害的进程。研究小组将把研究结果纳入两个电脑模型，即EMDSS和SIM-TSUNAMI；它们的定量预测能力将有助于沿海地区的灾后减灾规划和应急准备项目。研究人员还将开发这些模型的功能和可用性，使其更适合大西洋、墨西哥湾和太平洋沿岸地区的应急管理人员、土地使用规划者和交通规划者使用。