RAPID: Identifying the Determinants of Household Emergency Preparedness and Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic

RAPID：确定家庭应急准备和应对 COVID-19 大流行的决定因素

• 批准号: 2029817
• 负责人: Michael Lindell
• 金额: $ 4.75万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-05-15 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2029817&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Identifying; Determinants; Household; Emergency

To manage and contain the devastating COVID-19 pandemic, medical scientists are racing to understand how the virus spreads, how it attacks the body, and how to treat its symptoms. It is equally important for social scientists to understand how the threat of coronavirus infection affects human behavior, so that public health strategies to predict and contain the spread can be improved. The COVID-19 threat has been eliciting dramatically varying psychological and behavioral responses throughout the country. Some people comply with medical experts’ protective action recommendations (PARs) to limit their exposure through actions such as social distancing (maintaining a six-foot distance), others exceed those PARs by self-imposing more extreme isolation, and still others disregard PARs, continuing their normal activities or congregating in close proximity without respiratory protection. The objective of this Rapid Response Research (RAPID) project is to identify determinants of varying behavioral responses to COVID-19 threat, including compliance with official PARs (e.g., social distancing, frequent hand washing) and stockpiling of household supplies (e.g., nonperishable food, cleaning supplies). With a better understanding of the determinants of COVID PAR compliance and stockpiling, public health authorities can develop more effective messages to help reduce the threat of COVID and other pandemic diseases. In addition, for factors that public health authorities cannot change (e.g., people’s demographic characteristics), the project will examine audience segmentation strategies that can be used to guide the tailoring of communication to specific population groups.This research project builds on data gathered during a 2019 survey of Portland (Oregon) Metro area residents’ seismic preparedness intentions and actual preparedness in anticipation of a future earthquake, as well as on a 2020 survey of Boise State University students, staff, and faculty emergency preparedness and response for a variety of hazards, including COVID. It also builds upon a set of 2013 studies of risk perceptions and preparedness related to H7N9 influenza in China and seasonal influenza in Texas. This new project will involve a mail survey of 1000 Portland Metro area regarding their perceptions of, and responses to, the COVID threat. The questionnaire will repeat some of the same items about seismic emergency preparedness as in the 2019 survey, adding new items specific to COVID and to household stockpiling in the face of the pandemic. Also as part of this project, Boise State students, faculty, and staff will be surveyed with a number of the new, COVID-specific survey items. With the new survey data, the research team will be able to draw meaningful conclusions about how perceptions and preparedness behaviors vary across different types of anticipated disasters and across disease threats with different profiles.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

为了管理和遏制毁灭性的新冠肺炎疫情，医学科学家正在争先恐后地了解病毒如何传播、如何攻击人体以及如何治疗其症状。对社会科学家来说，同样重要的是了解冠状病毒感染的威胁如何影响人类行为，以便改进预测和控制传播的公共卫生战略。新冠肺炎的威胁在全国各地引发了截然不同的心理和行为反应。一些人遵守医学专家的防护行动建议(PAR)，通过社交距离(保持六英尺的距离)等行动来限制自己的暴露，其他人通过自我施加更极端的隔离来超过PAR，还有一些人无视PAR，继续他们的正常活动或在没有呼吸保护的情况下聚集在一起。这个快速反应研究(RAPID)项目的目标是确定对新冠肺炎威胁的不同行为反应的决定因素，包括遵守官方分析标准(例如，社交距离、频繁洗手)和储存家庭用品(例如，不易腐烂的食品、清洁用品)。通过更好地了解COVID标准遵守和储备的决定因素，公共卫生当局可以制定更有效的信息，帮助减少COVID和其他大流行性疾病的威胁。此外，对于公共卫生当局无法改变的因素(例如，人们的人口统计特征)，该项目将检查可用于指导针对特定人口群体定制通信的受众细分策略。该研究项目基于2019年波特兰(俄勒冈州)大都会地区居民地震准备意图和对未来地震的实际准备情况调查期间收集的数据，以及2020年对博伊西州立大学学生、教职员工和教职员工对包括COVID在内的各种灾害的应急准备和反应的调查。它还建立在2013年对中国的H7N9流感和德克萨斯州的季节性流感相关的风险感知和准备的一系列研究的基础上。这个新项目将涉及对1000个波特兰大都会地区的邮寄调查，了解他们对COVID威胁的看法和反应。问卷将重复2019年调查中关于地震应急准备的一些项目，增加专门针对COVID和面对大流行的家庭储备的新项目。作为该项目的一部分，博伊西州立大学的学生、教职员工将接受一些新的、针对COVID的调查项目。有了新的调查数据，研究团队将能够得出有意义的结论，说明不同类型的预期灾害和不同侧面的疾病威胁之间的感知和准备行为是如何变化的。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。