SHF: Small: INTEGRATED CIRCUITS BROADBAND MULTISCALE ANALYSIS WITH FAST ALGORITHMS

该项目旨在改进和开发电磁(EM)分析工具，以满足计算机芯片行业的需求。近年来，由于计算机中中央处理器S的晶体管密度和开关时钟频率的增加，计算机集成电路(IC)中的电磁效应的建模变得越来越重要。因此，EM效应是国际半导体技术路线图(ITRS)确定为优先领域的挑战。但到目前为止，这种电磁建模问题过高的计算成本和复杂性阻碍了它们的精确解。以精度换取效率的多功能宽带集成电路的商业仿真工具，不能完全满足下一代应用对带宽和复杂性的苛刻要求。然而，用于电磁模拟的快速算法在为宽带应用提供适当的技术以捕捉电路物理和波物理时是有潜力的。将开发快速、高效和高度稳定的算法来寻求宽带、多尺度的IC问题的解决方案。这些解决方案将与现有的电子设计和自动化(EDA)工具相集成，并将在芯片和封装层面研究联合设计。这项工作将与现实世界的问题联系起来，模型将通过测量进行验证。快速高效的电子集成电路建模技术的潜在影响可以改变计算机的设计方式。它将消除由于晶体管密度和开关时钟频率增加而导致的电磁效应造成的瓶颈，并允许在较宽的频率范围内进行准确的电路设计虚拟样机。它还将鼓励IC设计者在未来的IC设计中使用更多的微波工程范例。因此，它将扩大IC和电路设计人员的设计空间，增加他们的工具箱，并丰富未来IC设计的新可能性。由于缺乏高效、准确地融合电磁效应的高质量计算机辅助设计(CAD)设计工具，IC设计者在3D IC设计中面临信号和电源完整性问题的瓶颈。通过精确、高效的电磁建模，将改善CAD IC的特性，消除IC设计者面临的设计障碍。此外，该项目将培养从本科生到研究生的不同层次的学生，使其精通电磁物理、应用数学、计算机科学和测量(重点是IC模拟和设计科学)。在这一跨学科领域接受教育的学生通常很容易适应学术界和工业界邻近的研究领域。因此，该项目将培养计算科学和工程及其邻近领域急需的人力资源，以促进高科技的进步。电磁物理学在很大范围内有效，是许多电气工程技术的基础。用于复杂结构的快速、宽带计算电磁学(CEM)算法适用于许多其他应用，包括微和纳米技术，从超材料建模到纳米光学和纳米光刻。它可以帮助超分辨率光刻的设计，并改进N/MEMS中的电磁效应的建模，传感器和执行器，计算机中的封装级别的互连以及板级别的建模。它将使小型、复杂、智能和可重新配置的天线、射频集成电路的建模成为可能，并极大地影响太赫兹建模、生物技术和国土安全技术的发展。

This project aims to improve and develop electromagnetic (EM) analysis tools to meet the demand of the computer chip industry. The modeling of EM effects in computer integrated circuits (IC) has in recent years become increasingly important, due to the increased transistor density and switching clock rate of CPU?s in a computer. For this reason, EM effect is a challenge identified by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) as an area of priority. But the exorbitant computational cost and complexity of such EM modeling problems have precluded their precise solution so far. Commercial simulation tools for multi-function broadband ICs, which trade accuracy for efficiency, cannot fully meet the stringent demands for broad bandwidth and complexity of next generation applications. However, fast algorithms for EM simulations have potentials when stabilized with appropriate techniques for broadband applications to capture both circuit physics and wave physics. Fast, efficient, and highly stable algorithms will be developed for seeking broadband, multi-scale solutions of IC problems. The solutions will be integrated with existing Electronics Design and Automation (EDA) tools, and co-design will be studied at chip and package levels. The work will be connected to real-world problems and models will be validated with measurements. The potential impact of fast and efficient modeling technique for electronic ICs can alter how computers are designed. It will remove bottlenecks caused by EM effects due to increased transistor density and switching clock rates, and allow the accurate virtual prototyping of circuit design over a broad frequency range. It will also encourage IC designers to use more microwave engineering paradigms in future IC designs. Hence, it will expand the design space of IC and circuit designers, increase their repertoire of toolboxes, and enrich new possibilities for future IC designs. Due to the lack of high-quality computer-aided design (CAD) design tools that incorporate EM effects efficiently and accurately, IC designers face bottlenecks due to signal and power integrity issues in 3D IC designs. By precise and efficient electromagnetic modeling, CAD IC characterization will be improved and the design barriers faced by IC designers will be pushed back. In addition, this project will train students, at various levels ranging from undergraduates to graduates, to be well versed in electromagnetic physics, applied mathematics, computer science, and measurements (with a keen focus on the science of IC simulation and design). Students schooled in this cross-disciplinary field generally adapt easily to adjacent areas of research in academia and industry. Hence, this project will train badly needed human resource in computational science and engineering and adjacent fields for the advancement of high tech. EM physics, valid over a vast length scale, is fundamental to many electrical engineering technologies. Fast, broadband computational electromagnetics (CEM) algorithms for complex structures are applicable to a large variety of other applications including micro- and nano-technologies, ranging from meta-material modeling, to nano-optics and nano-lithography. It can help in the design of super-resolution lithography, and improve the modeling of EM effects in N/MEMS, sensors and actuators, interconnects in computers at the package level, as well as at the board level. It will enable the modeling of small, complex, smart, and reconfigurable antennas, RF integrated circuits, as well as greatly impacting terahertz modeling, biotech, and homeland security technology development.