Perspective-Taking in Conversation

对话中换位思考

• 批准号: 1257029
• 负责人: Sarah Brown-Schmidt
• 金额: $ 30.14万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2016-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1257029&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Perspective; Taking; Conversation

Face-to-face conversation plays a key role in children's language acquisition and adult communication, and in the evolution of languages over time. However, surprisingly little is known about the cognitive mechanisms that affect language use in conversation. One feature of conversation is that what we say and how we say it depends on our insights into the knowledge and beliefs of the people we talk to. Sometimes these insights are correct, sometimes they fail dramatically, and other times the insights are still unformed. This research project will explore how insights into others are formed, how these insights are used, and how they may fail. A series of experiments will use eye-tracking technology to study these processes on a moment-by-moment basis as they occur in natural conversation. The work draws from recent advances in psycholinguistics, developmental psychology, and social psychology.This project will provide insights into a poorly understood but core component of language, that is, appreciating the perspectives of others. It has potentially diverse implications, including improving education through perspective-taking in teacher-student dyads and in math education through the use of perspective-taking in reasoning about the geometry of multi-dimensional figures.

面对面对话在儿童语言习得和成人交流以及语言随时间的演变中发挥着关键作用。然而，令人惊讶的是，人们对影响对话中语言使用的认知机制知之甚少。谈话的一个特点是，我们所说的内容和说话的方式取决于我们对谈话对象的知识和信仰的洞察。有时这些见解是正确的，有时它们会严重失败，有时这些见解尚未形成。该研究项目将探讨如何形成对他人的洞察力、如何使用这些洞察力以及它们可能会如何失败。 一系列实验将使用眼动追踪技术来研究自然对话中发生的这些过程。这项工作借鉴了心理语言学、发展心理学和社会心理学的最新进展。该项目将深入了解语言的一个鲜为人知但核心的组成部分，即欣赏他人的观点。它具有潜在的多种影响，包括通过师生二人组的观点采择来改善教育，以及通过在多维图形的几何推理中使用观点采择来改善数学教育。