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Perspective-taking in Conversation

谈话中换位思考

基本信息

批准号：
1921492
负责人：
Sarah Brown-Schmidt
金额：
$ 38.63万
依托单位：
Vanderbilt University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-08-01 至 2023-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1921492&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Perspective taking Conversation

项目摘要

Current theories of language use assume that by sharing ideas in conversation, people develop shared knowledge. This assumption, however, is largely untested and there is good reason to think that it is wrong. The investigator's preliminary studies asked a basic question with fundamental implications: Do speakers and listeners each walk away from a conversation with the same idea about what was said? The answer is no. Speakers are much more likely to remember what was said than the person who was listening. The proposed work takes as a starting point these asymmetries in memory for conversations in order to generate novel predictions regarding the interplay between memory and language use in conversation. Anticipated findings will provide insight into when conversational partners are likely to have similar memories for what was said, and when their memories are likely to differ. The resulting discoveries could change basic recommendations for how to engage in a successful conversation, both in high stakes settings (business negotiations, dispute mediation, first dates), but also in day-to-day life. The findings may also guide expectations about what humans are likely to remember based on conversations with devices such as "Alexa," in turn providing insights for device design and human-technology interactions. Potential implications for pedagogy include recommendations for improving communication in teacher-student interactions and in group projects. This proposal develops and tests the predictions of a theoretical view of shared conversational knowledge that offers a radical departure from current views and makes competing predictions. A series of 10 experiments tests the hypothesis that following conversation, partners will retain predictably different memories of the conversation. As a result, despite their shared experience of conversing, partners will have a different perspective on what was said, influencing future decisions and interactions in predictable ways. The work will also provide insights into mechanisms of language processing in ecologically valid settings. Broader impacts include opportunities for graduate students, undergraduate students, and high school students to conduct independent research projects. Special efforts are made to recruit students from under-represented groups. All de-identified data generated by this research will be made publicly available on the internet. In sum, the work has the potential to advance understanding of psychological and linguistic processes, advance computer dialog systems, and offer insights into pedagogical research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

当前的语言使用理论假设，通过在对话中分享想法，人们可以发展共享知识。然而，这一假设在很大程度上未经检验，并且有充分的理由认为它是错误的。研究人员的初步研究提出了一个具有根本意义的基本问题：演讲者和听众在结束对话时是否对谈话内容有相同的想法？答案是否定的。演讲者比听者更容易记住所说的内容。拟议的工作以对话记忆中的这些不对称性为起点，以便对对话中记忆和语言使用之间的相互作用产生新颖的预测。预期的结果将有助于了解对话伙伴何时可能对所说内容有相似的记忆，以及何时他们的记忆可能不同。由此产生的发现可能会改变关于如何进行成功对话的基本建议，无论是在高风险环境（商务谈判、纠纷调解、第一次约会）中，还是在日常生活中。这些发现还可以指导人们根据与“Alexa”等设备的对话可能记住的内容，从而为设备设计和人机交互提供见解。对教育学的潜在影响包括改善师生互动和小组项目中沟通的建议。该提案开发并测试了共享对话知识理论观点的预测，该观点与当前观点截然不同，并做出了相互竞争的预测。一系列 10 项实验测试了这样一个假设：在对话之后，伙伴们将保留对对话的可预测的不同记忆。因此，尽管合作伙伴有共同的交谈经验，但他们对所说的话会有不同的看法，从而以可预测的方式影响未来的决策和互动。这项工作还将提供对生态有效环境中语言处理机制的见解。更广泛的影响包括为研究生、本科生和高中生提供独立研究项目的机会。我们特别努力从代表性不足的群体中招收学生。本研究生成的所有去识别化数据将在互联网上公开提供。总之，这项工作有潜力促进对心理和语言过程的理解，推进计算机对话系统，并为教学研究提供见解。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（8）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Temporary ambiguity and memory for the context of spoken language

口语语境的暂时歧义和记忆

DOI：
10.3758/s13423-022-02088-y
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Lord, Kaitlin;Brown-Schmidt, Sarah
通讯作者：
Brown-Schmidt, Sarah

Cognitive Implications of Engaging With “Fitspiration” Content on Social Media

参与社交媒体上的“Fitspiration”内容的认知影响

DOI：
10.1525/collabra.37458
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Collabra: Psychology
影响因子：
0
作者：
Zimmerman, Jordan;De Rezende, Angelica;Wright, Anna M.;Lord, Kaitlin M.;Brown-Schmidt, Sarah
通讯作者：
Brown-Schmidt, Sarah

Retrieval processes and audience design

检索流程和受众设计

DOI：
10.1016/j.jml.2020.104149
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Journal of memory and language
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Ahn, S. Brown-Schmidt
通讯作者：
Ahn, S. Brown-Schmidt

Foodie: Think Before You Type on Instagram!

美食家：在 Instagram 上打字之前请三思！

DOI：
10.3389/frym.2022.690411
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Frontiers for Young Minds
影响因子：
0
作者：
Zimmerman, Jordan;Brown-Schmidt, Sarah
通讯作者：
Brown-Schmidt, Sarah

MEMCONS: How Contemporaneous Note‐Taking Shapes Memory for Conversation

MEMCONS：同步笔记如何塑造对话记忆

DOI：
10.1111/cogs.13271
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Cognitive Science
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Brown‐Schmidt, Sarah;Jaeger, Christopher B.;Evans, Melissa J.;Benjamin, Aaron S.
通讯作者：
Benjamin, Aaron S.