Nitride Compounds: Property Anomalies Near Structural Instabilities

氮化物：接近结构不稳定的性质异常

• 批准号: 1309490
• 负责人: Daniel Gall
• 金额: $ 29.95万
• 依托单位: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1309490&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Nitride; Compounds; Property; Anomalies; Near

NON-TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: This project is developing a new type of material consisting of a mixture of two different materials that are forced together. Naturally these two materials would not mix; however, if mixed artificially, the mixture exhibits unique properties because a small external stimulus can lead to a large change in the material structure. The unique properties anticipated for this material include a strong deformation when applying a voltage or a magnetic field. For example such a material is useful for building a new type of frequency filter, which would increase the data rate of mobile devices by ten to hundred times. These new properties may facilitate a whole range of transformative applications, including, for example, magnetically driven micro-switches for biomedical implants, emergency valves in nuclear power plants that operate without any external power source or communication pathway, tough and resilient coatings that remain functional despite frequent temperature cycling (for possible application in high-temperature fuel-efficient jet engines).TECHNICAL DETAILS: This project is developing an understanding of structural instabilities in ternary nitrides ABN where AN and BN form different equilibrium crystal structures. The key idea is that single-phase solid solutions of such ternaries with an intermediate composition exhibit a structural instability that leads to anomalous physical properties, including a reversible plastic deformation or a diverging piezoelectric response. Ternary nitride layers are deposited by reactive sputtering. Epitaxial constraints, composition variations, and ion-surface interactions are used to control the emerging phases, microstructure, texture, strain, and possible phase separation. The structural instabilities of single-phase solid-solution ternary nitrides at elevated temperature and pressure are studied to determine the structure-strain-energy landscape, using in situ x-ray diffraction, Raman and infrared spectroscopies. Emerging anomalous properties are measured and an understanding of how the structural instability leads to a reversible plastic deformation, an anisotropic effective Poisson's ratio, a divergence in the piezoelectric response, a magneto-mechanical coupling, and a reversible stress-induced shear transformation are developed. The project includes training of graduate and undergraduate students in state-of-the-art materials synthesis and characterization, as well as involvement in major outreach efforts to encourage girls to consider a career in science and engineering.

非技术描述：该项目正在开发一种新型材料，由两种不同材料强制混合而成。 当然，这两种材料不会混合；然而，如果人工混合，混合物就会表现出独特的性质，因为小的外部刺激就可以导致材料结构发生很大的变化。这种材料预期的独特性能包括在施加电压或磁场时发生强烈变形。例如，这种材料可用于构建新型频率滤波器，这将使移动设备的数据速率提高十到一百倍。这些新特性可能会促进一系列变革性应用，包括例如用于生物医学植入物的磁力驱动微型开关、无需任何外部电源或通信路径即可运行的核电站应急阀、尽管频繁温度循环仍保持功能的坚韧弹性涂层（可能应用于高温节能喷气发动机）。 技术细节：该项目正在加深对结构不稳定性的理解。 三元氮化物ABN，其中AN和BN形成不同的平衡晶体结构。关键思想是，具有中间成分的此类三元材料的单相固溶体表现出结构不稳定性，导致异常物理性质，包括可逆塑性变形或发散压电响应。三元氮化物层通过反应溅射沉积。外延约束、成分变化和离子表面相互作用用于控制出现的相、微观结构、纹理、应变和可能的相分离。利用原位 X 射线衍射、拉曼和红外光谱研究单相固溶体三元氮化物在高温和高压下的结构不稳定性，以确定结构-应变-能量景观。测量新出现的异常特性，并了解结构不稳定性如何导致可逆塑性变形、各向异性有效泊松比、压电响应发散、磁力耦合和可逆应力诱导剪切变换。该项目包括对研究生和本科生进行最先进材料合成和表征方面的培训，以及参与主要的外展工作，以鼓励女孩考虑从事科学和工程职业。