XPS: FULL: DSD: Collaborative Research: Moving the Abyss: Database Management on Future 1000-core Processors

有一些根本性的问题，以加快CPU超过什么是可能的今天。由于单个晶体管不会变得更快，像英特尔和AMD这样的制造商不再能够仅仅通过提高时钟速度来获得大规模的性能改进（例如，从2GHz到10 GHz）。为了克服这一点，未来的CPU将在单个芯片上包含数百到数千个较小的计算核心，这些核心都将以类似于当前处理器的速度运行（例如，2GHz）。这意味着每个内核的功能将与当前的CPU一样强大，但所有内核的总功率将远远超过今天的可能性。这些新CPU出现的一个重要问题是，在我们社会的各个方面使用的数据库系统不适合这种变化。这种数据库系统用于存储和访问各种应用的数据，包括在线业务（例如，Google、Facebook）、科学仪器（例如，天文望远镜），和医学（例如，MRI扫描仪）。他们还没有准备好处理这些新的“多核CPU”的原因是因为他们中的大多数人使用的想法是在20世纪70年代和80年代设计的，当时处理器只有一个内核。因此，这个项目的目的是开发软件和硬件技术，使数据库系统能够利用未来CPU架构的全部计算能力。该项目的成果将使组织能够在更少的机器上部署未来的应用程序，这些机器使用的能源比目前使用的更少。计算机体系结构正在走向一个由多核机器主导的时代，在一个芯片上有数百个核心。这种前所未有的片上并行性水平为可扩展性引入了新的维度，而当前的数据库管理系统（DBMS）并非为之设计的。特别是，DBMS很难有效地执行并发控制、日志记录和索引。由于有数百个线程并行运行，协调对数据的竞争性读写的复杂性降低了增加内核数量的好处。因此，在这个项目中，PI建议开发一个软件-硬件协同设计方法的数据库管理系统在众核时代。在软件方面，PI不是试图通过增量改进来消除现有DBMS架构的可扩展性瓶颈，而是寻求一种自下而上的方法，其中架构从一开始就针对众核系统。在硬件方面，PI将设计新的硬件组件，而不是简单地在单个芯片上添加更多的内核，这些硬件组件可以减轻软件系统的计算关键任务。http://db.cs.cmu.edu/projects/1000cores/

There are fundamental problems to speeding up CPUs beyond what is possible today. Because individual transistors are not getting any faster, manufacturers like Intel and AMD are no longer able to get massive performance improvements just by increasing clock speeds (e.g., going from 2GHz to 10GHz). To overcome this, future CPUs will contain hundreds to thousands of smaller computational cores on a single chip which will all run at the speed similar to current processors (e.g., 2GHz). This means that each single core will only be as powerful as current CPUs, but that the total aggregate power of all the cores will be significantly more than what is possible today. An important problem with the advent of these new CPUs is that the database systems that are used in all aspects of our society are ill-suited for this change. Such database systems are used to store and access data for a variety of applications, including on-line business (e.g., Google, Facebook), scientific instruments (e.g., astronomical telescopes), and medicine (e.g., MRI scanners). The reason that they are not ready to handle these new "many-core CPUs" is because most of them use ideas that were designed in the 1970s and 1980s when processors only had a single core. Thus, the purpose of this project is to develop both software and hardware technologies that will allow database systems to utilize the full computational power of future CPU architectures. The results of this project will enable organizations to deploy future applications on fewer machines that use less energy than what is currently used today.Computer architectures are moving towards an era dominated by many-core machines with hundreds of cores on a single chip. This unprecedented level of on-chip parallelism introduces a new dimension to scalability that current database management systems (DBMSs) were not designed for. In particular, it becomes exceedingly difficult for the DBMS to perform concurrency control, logging, and indexing efficiently. With hundreds of threads running in parallel, the complexity of coordinating competing reads and writes to data diminishes the benefits of increased core counts. Thus, in this project the PIs propose to develop a software-hardware co-design approach for DBMSs in the many-core era. On the software side, rather than attempting to remove scalability bottlenecks of existing DBMS architectures through incremental improvements, the PIs seek a bottom-up approach where the architecture is designed to target many-core systems from inception. On the hardware side, instead of simply adding more cores to a single chip, the PIs will design new hardware components that can unburden the software system from computationally critical tasks.For further information see project web site at: http://db.cs.cmu.edu/projects/1000cores/