Using Plasma Electrolysis for Efficient Manufacturing of Nanoparticles

利用等离子体电解高效制造纳米粒子

• 批准号: 1536209
• 负责人: Qi Fan
• 金额: $ 33.87万
• 依托单位: South Dakota State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1536209&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Using; Plasma; Electrolysis; Efficient; Manufacturing

Nanoparticles play a key role in a wide variety of advanced devices, including batteries, biosensors, and solar cells. The conventional means of synthesizing nanoparticles is generally inefficient and produces waste materials that are not easily recyclable. This award supports fundamental research on the chemical and physical reactions in plasma electrolysis to obtain knowledge that will enable efficient manufacture of nanoparticles. Plasma electrolysis is a glow discharge (like Neon light) in contact with liquid. The plasma is confined around an electrode by the liquid electrolyte, leading to very high energy density. This high-density plasma facilitates effective formation of nanoparticles from the working electrode. This research will benefit the scientific community by advancing knowledge about plasma physics and chemistry at liquid-gas-solid interfaces. Using cost-effective nanoparticles in photovoltaic devices and batteries will greatly promote the efficiency of clean energy generation and storage. The technologies that emerge from this research will not only promote US competitiveness in nanomaterials manufacturing, but will also ensure a sustainable economy and address global environmental concerns. This research will strengthen interdisciplinary research, education, and training in nanomaterials science and plasma physics by engaging college and high school students across South Dakota, thereby increasing the participation of underrepresented groups and expanding the pool of skilled workers.Plasma electrolysis can be a rapid and efficient process for nanoparticle manufacturing. All previous studies indicate that plasma electrolysis tends to create large particles (microns) and irregular electrode surface morphology. This has led to the conventional belief that multiple chemical and physical reactions occur simultaneously and that physical reactions dominate plasma electrolysis. Very little is known about the chemical reactions. To fill this knowledge gap and realize the full potential of plasma electrolysis for nanoparticle manufacturing, the research team will 1) establish a particle-fluid hybrid model to describe the physical and chemical reactions in plasma electrolysis; 2) use in-situ optical emission spectroscopy to verify the plasma reactions and the modeling results; 3) decouple the physical and chemical reactions to test the hypothesis that the electrolyte composition determines gas evolution (bubbles or a continuous layer), which governs discharge characteristics and the dominant plasma reactions; and 4) establish the relationships between plasma electrolysis parameters (electrolyte composition, magnetic field, and discharge power) and nanoparticle morphology.

纳米颗粒在各种高级设备中起着关键作用，包括电池，生物传感器和太阳能电池。合成纳米颗粒的常规手段通常效率低下，并且产生不容易回收的废料。该奖项支持有关血浆电解中化学和物理反应的基本研究，以获得有效生产纳米颗粒的知识。等离子体电解是与液体接触的发光放电（如霓虹灯）。血浆被液体电解质限制在电极周围，导致非常高的能量密度。这种高密度的等离子体促进了从工作电极的有效形成纳米颗粒。这项研究将通过促进有关液体气体固体界面的血浆物理和化学知识来使科学界受益。在光伏设备和电池中使用具有成本效益的纳米颗粒将大大促进清洁能源的产生和存储的效率。从这项研究中出现的技术不仅会促进美国在纳米材料制造中的竞争力，而且还将确保可持续经济并解决全球环境问题。这项研究将通过吸引南达科他州的大学和高中生来加强纳米材料科学和血浆物理学的跨学科研究，教育和培训，从而增加了代表性不足的群体的参与并扩大了熟练的工人的参与。Plasma电解可以是纳米机构的快速和有效的过程。所有以前的研究表明，血浆电解倾向于产生大颗粒（微米）和不规则的电极表面形态。这导致了传统的信念，即多种化学和物理反应同时发生，物理反应主导了血浆电解。关于化学反应知之甚少。为了填补这一知识差距，并实现血浆电解在纳米颗粒制造中的全部潜力，研究团队将1）建立一个颗粒流体杂种模型，以描述血浆电解中的物理和化学反应； 2）使用原位光学发射光谱验证血浆反应和建模结果； 3）将物理和化学反应解散，以测试电解质组成决定气体演化（气泡或连续层）的假设，该假设控制了放电特性和显性血浆反应； 4）建立血浆电解参数（电解质组成，磁场和放电功率）与纳米颗粒形态之间的关系。