SHF: Small: GOALI: Advanced Physical Inspection of Counterfeit Integrated Circuits

假冒电子元件在并入关键系统和基础设施时会产生风险，因为它们通常低于规格和/或质量不合格。在今天的供应链中有几种不同类型的假冒产品：回收的、评论的、过度生产的、不符合规格/有缺陷的、克隆的、伪造的文件和篡改的。当今市场上的大多数假冒元件都是没有配备有助于检测每种假冒类型的机制的芯片。因此，检测主要依靠物理检查和电气测试。在这项工作中，主要目标是提高物理检查测试的有效性，这似乎是检测所有类型伪造品的最有希望的方法。在这个项目中，正在对假冒和正品集成电路进行详尽的表征，以便为研究界开发有针对性的缺陷分类和缺陷测量数据库。假冒缺陷首次被量化，以开发自动将可疑ic分类为假冒或正品的算法。此外，pi正在开发新的无损表征技术，这将大大减少测试时间。将被共享的工件包括发现的所有缺陷的样本图像和测量，以及与缺陷频率、缺陷到伪造类型的映射等相关的汇总信息。由于所提出的方法将能够检测所有类型的微处理器、专用集成电路（asic）、现场可编程门阵列（fpga）、商业现货（COTS）和模拟设备的仿制品，因此汽车、军事、医疗和运输系统中的许多关键应用将受益于这项研究。最后，对社会的好处包括医疗保健方面的可靠电子产品和智能、天气预报、金融交易、军事系统、网络物理系统等方面的可靠计算平台。

Counterfeit electronic components create risks when incorporated into critical systems and infrastructures since they are often below specification and/or of substandard quality. There are several different counterfeit types in the supply chain today: recycled, remarked, overproduced, out-of-spec/defective, cloned, forged documentation, and tampered. Most of the counterfeit components in the market today are chips that are not equipped with mechanisms to aid in detection of each counterfeit type. Thus, detection relies mostly on physical inspection and electrical testing. In this work, the main objective is to improve the effectiveness of physical inspection tests which appears to be the most promising way of detecting all types of counterfeits. In this project, exhaustive characterization of counterfeit and authentic ICs is being performed in order to develop targeted defect taxonomies and a database of defect measurements for the research community. For the first time, counterfeit defects are quantified in order to develop algorithms that automatically classify suspect ICs as counterfeit or authentic In addition the PIs are developing novel non-destructive characterization techniques which shall reduce test time significantly.Artifacts that will be shared include sample images and measurements of all defects found as well as aggregated information related to frequency of defects, mapping of defects to counterfeit type, etc. Since the proposed methods will be able to detect counterfeits of all types of microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS), and analog devices, many critical applications within automotive, military, medical, and transportation systems will benefit from this research. Finally, benefits for society include trustworthy electronics for healthcare and dependable computing platforms for intelligence, weather forecasting, financial transactions, military systems, cyber physical systems, and so forth.