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Living Fossils: Integrating Phylogenomics and Comparative Morphology to Assemble the Scorpion Tree of Life

活化石：整合系统发育学和比较形态学来组装蝎子生命树

基本信息

批准号：
1655050
负责人：
Lorenzo Prendini
金额：
$ 80.85万
依托单位：
American Museum Natural History
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-08-01 至 2023-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1655050&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Living Fossils Integrating Phylogenomics Comparative

项目摘要

Scorpions are dominant arthropod predators in most terrestrial habitats on all major landmasses except Antarctica, and their anatomy has changed very little in the past 435 million years. Every year, 1.2 million scorpion stings cause 3,250 human fatalities worldwide. Scorpion venoms, cocktails of neurotoxins that block nerve impulses, offer great potential for medicine, including treatment of brain cancer and autoimmune diseases, non-addictive painkillers, and ecofriendly insecticides. Despite the antiquity, notoriety, global distribution, ecological, and medical importance of these "living fossils", scorpion classification is contentious and the scorpion tree of life ambiguously resolved, hindering the testing of important hypotheses concerning scorpion evolution, and exploration of the pharmacological potential of scorpion venom. By integrating genomic and morphological data from living and fossil scorpions, this project will provide the most comprehensive analysis of the scorpion tree of life and the evolutionary position of scorpions, to date. The project will support a Ph.D. student and three postdoctoral associates, all from underrepresented groups. Each year, an undergraduate, two high school students, and two citizen scientists will be involved in research. Courses on scorpion biology, classification, and medical importance, with an introduction to the local fauna, will be presented on four continents. New material, data, and images will enhance scientific infrastructure. Results, data, and educational outreach materials will be disseminated online and via nationally distributed classroom magazines.The project has several primary aims. First, using a high-throughput, targeted enrichment approach, approximately 300,000 bases of DNA sequence, per specimen, will be generated for representatives of all major lineages, at least 80% of the genera of living scorpions, and all living orders of Chelicerata. A matrix of morphological observations will be completed for all species in the genomic dataset and representatives of extinct lineages of scorpions and their chelicerate relatives. Additionally, the phylogeny and morphology will be used to present a predictive classification of scorpions above the level of genus and investigate questions concerning the evolution and diversification of scorpions and their venoms. The project will include extensive fieldwork and collaboration with international colleagues and will represent the most comprehensive evolutionary study of any chelicerate group. A greater understanding of how venom has evolved across the scorpion tree of life will provide the necessary data to fine-tune the use of venom in medicine.

蝎子是除南极洲以外所有主要陆地上大多数陆地栖息地的主要节肢动物捕食者，它们的解剖结构在过去 4.35 亿年里几乎没有变化。全世界每年有 120 万次蝎子蜇伤事件导致 3,250 人死亡。蝎毒是一种阻断神经冲动的神经毒素混合物，具有巨大的医学潜力，包括治疗脑癌和自身免疫性疾病、非成瘾性止痛药和环保杀虫剂。尽管这些“活化石”历史悠久、臭名昭著、分布全球、具有生态和医学重要性，但蝎子的分类仍存在争议，蝎子生命树的解析也含糊不清，阻碍了有关蝎子进化的重要假设的检验，也阻碍了蝎毒药理潜力的探索。通过整合活蝎子和化石蝎子的基因组和形态学数据，该项目将对蝎子生命树和蝎子的进化位置进行迄今为止最全面的分析。该项目将支持一名博士学位。学生和三名博士后助理，均来自代表性不足的群体。每年，一名本科生、两名高中生和两名公民科学家将参与研究。有关蝎子生物学、分类和医学重要性的课程以及当地动物群的介绍将在四大洲举办。新材料、数据和图像将增强科学基础设施。结果、数据和教育宣传材料将通过在线和全国发行的课堂杂志传播。该项目有几个主要目标。首先，使用高通量、有针对性的富集方法，每个样本将生成约 300,000 个碱基的 DNA 序列，代表所有主要谱系、至少 80% 的活蝎属以及所有活螯肢目。将为基因组数据集中的所有物种以及蝎子及其螯肢亲戚的灭绝谱系的代表完成形态学观察矩阵。此外，系统发育和形态学将用于对属级以上的蝎子进行预测分类，并研究有关蝎子及其毒液的进化和多样化的问题。该项目将包括广泛的实地考察以及与国际同事的合作，并将代表所有螯类群体最全面的进化研究。更好地了解毒液如何在蝎子生命树中进化将为微调毒液在医学中的使用提供必要的数据。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（15）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Climate Relicts: Asian Scorpion Family Pseudochactidae Survived Miocene Aridification in Caves of the Annamite Mountains

DOI：
10.1093/isd/ixac028
发表时间：
2022-11
期刊：
Insect Systematics and Diversity
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Stephanie F. Loria;Valentin L. Ehrenthal;Anh D. Nguyen;L. Prendini
通讯作者：
Stephanie F. Loria;Valentin L. Ehrenthal;Anh D. Nguyen;L. Prendini

Cryptic diversity in the whip spider genus Paraphrynus (Amblypygi: Phrynidae): integrating morphology, karyotype and DNA

鞭蜘蛛属 Paraphrynus（Amblypygi：Phrynidae）的隐秘多样性：整合形态、核型和 DNA

DOI：
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Seiter, M.;Reyes Lerma, A.C.;Král, J.;Sember, A.;Divišová, K.;Palacios Vargas, J.G.;Colmenares García, P.A.;Loria, S.F.;Prendini, L.
通讯作者：
Prendini, L.

Systematics of the “Giant” Ricinulei (Ricinoididae: Ricinoides) of West Africa, with Descriptions of Five New Species and Comparative Morphology of the Male Copulatory Apparatus

西非“巨型蓖麻”（Ricinoididae：Ricinoides）的系统学，包括五个新物种的描述和雄性交配器的比较形态学