EAGER: TDM solar cells: High Efficiency Perovskites and CuInSe (CIS) Tandem Solar cells

EAGER：TDM 太阳能电池：高效钙钛矿和 CuInSe (CIS) 串联太阳能电池

• 批准号: 1665449
• 负责人: Mario Dagenais
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-06-15 至 2021-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1665449&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; TDM; solar; cells; Efficiency

Abstract:Non-technical:Si is the dominant photovoltaic technology used around the world. These solar cells are assembled together to produce solar panels. They represent more than 90% of the solar panel market. The Si crystalline solar cells have demonstrated a maximum photovoltaic solar energy conversion efficiency of about 25% and this conversion efficiency has not improved very much over the last 10 years. On the other hand, tandem solar cells, where one utilizes a stack of two different materials with different band gaps, can lead to a sizable increase in the energy efficiency of solar cells, which would lead to a reduced number of required solar panels to generate the same amount of energy. The project is based on a solar cell made up of a thin layer of perovskite and a thin layer of copper-indium di-selenide (CIS) monolithically stacked together for a total thickness of order 2.5-3 µm, with an expected energy conversion efficiency approaching 30%. These solar cells would allow a quantum leap in energy conversion efficiency as compared to crystalline silicon solar cells. They would also allow the realization of flexible solar cells for many low cost applications. The tandem solar cell uses a chalcogenide material made up of three elements: Cu, In, and Se but does not use Ga as is typically done for single junction CIGS solar cell. The advantage of this approach is that CIS has a smaller bandgap than CIGS and this allows collecting photons over a larger wavelength range and therefore leads to a higher conversion efficiency. In addition, the second material used in the tandem cell is CH3NH3Pb (I1-xBrx)3, a material which is stable. On the contrary, if one would use CIGS as the low bandgap material, the required CH3NH3Pb (I1-xBrx)3 material would need to use a non-stable concentration of bromide. Both of these single junction solar cells have already been made in the Principal Investigator's laboratory with high performance. The challenge is to monolithically integrate both materials in an efficient tandem solar cell.Technical description:Both state-of-the-art CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite and Copper Indium Selenide (CIS) solar cells developed in our laboratory will be used to implement a high performance tandem cell with a predicted efficiency above 30% at one-sun illumination. The band gap of CIS (no gallium) solar cells is 1.0 eV and is more adapted than the traditional CIGS solar cell or silicon based solar cells with a bandgap of 1.15 eV to realizing high efficiency tandem solar cells based on perovskites. The reason is that the most efficient tandem solar cell for a material with a bandgap of 1.15 eV is a material with a bandgap of 1.7-1.8 eV. CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 can be made to have a bandgap of 1.74 eV but has been found to be unstable. For a material with a bandgap of 1.0 eV, the optimum higher bandgap is 1.64 eV and corresponds to a proportion of bromide where the perovskite layer CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 is stable. In this project, high efficiency, environmentally stable, CH3NH3Pb(I1-xBrx)3 /CIS tandem solar cells will be developed. Both mechanically stacked and monolithic perovskite/CIS tandem solar cells will be studied. The approach leverages thin film solar cell technology that has been validated in industry and opens up the way to highly efficient low cost solar cells.

翻译后摘要：非技术：硅是世界各地使用的占主导地位的光伏技术。这些太阳能电池被组装在一起以生产太阳能电池板。它们占太阳能电池板市场的90%以上。Si晶体太阳能电池已经证明了约25%的最大光伏太阳能转换效率，并且该转换效率在过去10年中没有很大提高。另一方面，叠层太阳能电池，其中一个利用具有不同带隙的两种不同材料的堆叠，可以导致太阳能电池的能量效率的相当大的增加，这将导致产生相同量的能量所需的太阳能电池板的数量减少。该项目基于一种太阳能电池，该电池由钙钛矿薄层和铜铟二硒化物（CIS）薄层单片堆叠在一起，总厚度为2.5-3 μm，预期能量转换效率接近30%。与晶体硅太阳能电池相比，这些太阳能电池将允许能量转换效率的飞跃。它们还将允许实现用于许多低成本应用的柔性太阳能电池。叠层太阳能电池使用由三种元素构成的硫属化物材料：Cu、In和Se，但不像通常用于单结CIGS太阳能电池那样使用Ga。这种方法的优点是CIS具有比CIGS更小的带隙，这允许在更大的波长范围内收集光子，因此导致更高的转换效率。另外，在叠层电池中使用的第二材料是稳定的材料CH 3 NH3 Pb（I1-xBrx）3。相反，如果使用CIGS作为低带隙材料，则所需的CH 3 NH3 Pb（I1-xBrx）3材料将需要使用不稳定浓度的溴化物。这两种单结太阳能电池都已经在首席研究员的实验室中制成，具有高性能。技术描述：我们实验室开发的最先进的CH 3 NH3 PbI 3钙钛矿和铜铟硒（CIS）太阳能电池将用于实现高性能的串联电池，在一个太阳照射下的预测效率超过30%。CIS（无镓）太阳能电池的带隙为1.0eV，并且比传统的CIGS太阳能电池或带隙为1.15eV的硅基太阳能电池更适合于实现基于钙钛矿的高效串联太阳能电池。原因在于，对于带隙为1.15 eV的材料，最有效的串联太阳能电池是带隙为1.7-1.8 eV的材料。CH 3 NH3 Pb（I1-xBrx）3可以具有1.74eV的带隙，但是已经发现其不稳定。对于带隙为1.0 eV的材料，最佳较高带隙为1.64 eV，并且对应于钙钛矿层CH 3 NH3 Pb（I1-xBrx）3稳定的溴化物比例。在本项目中，将开发高效率、环境稳定的CH 3 NH3 Pb（I1-xBrx）3 /CIS叠层太阳能电池。将研究机械堆叠和单片钙钛矿/CIS串联太阳能电池。该方法利用了已在工业中得到验证的薄膜太阳能电池技术，为高效低成本太阳能电池开辟了道路。

项目成果

High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cell Based on Sequential Doping of PTAA

• DOI: 10.1109/jphotov.2019.2910236
• 发表时间: 2019-05
• 期刊: IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Yangyi Yao;W. Hsu;M. Dagenais