Rail Transit, Residential Mobility, and Income Segregation

该研究项目将调查轨道交通的公共投资如何影响美国城市的收入隔离水平。 调查人员将分析公共投资如轨道交通如何影响土地价值，住宅选址决策和邻里变化，从而影响大都市范围内的隔离模式，特别强调低收入居民的流动。 该项目将加强对住宅分类基本理论的基本理解。 它将有助于填补一个重要的空白，在目前的知识状态的中产阶级化过程中，建模潜在的流离失所的居民移动。 该项目将通过社区参与的奖学金，帮助确定影响决定留在或离开受新交通发展影响的社区的激励因素，该奖学金侧重于当地居民的观点，并将居民，研究人员，关键利益相关者和决策者联系起来。 鉴于对轨道交通的广泛投资，项目成果将提供可用于解决美国和其他地方许多社区的社会和公共政策问题的信息和观点。 该项目还将促进技术扫盲和教育，让学生和社区合作伙伴参与应用、混合方法的地理课程，他们将研究这个问题，参与调查居民，对收集的数据进行基本分析，绘制和衡量新轨道交通线实施后的隔离趋势。中产阶级化强调了土地价值和社区总体结果如何受到交通的影响。 本研究课题主要探讨低收入居民因公交投资而迁移的问题。（1）新设公交车站后，低收入居民是否比其他居民更容易迁出？ (2)低收入居民是否会搬迁到社会经济成分较低的社区？ (3)什么是影响搬迁决定的动机因素，无论是进入和离开过境社区？ (4)在建立新的交通系统后，居住经济隔离的趋势在哪里以及对哪些收入群体发生了变化？ 为了收集有关住宅移动的定量数据，并了解这些位置决策背后的基本原理，调查人员将采用多标量方法的混合。 他们将分析作为收入动态小组研究的一部分收集的个人层面的纵向数据集，以追踪自1970年以来美国各地进出过境社区的个人的居住活动。 他们还将在北卡罗来纳州夏洛特市的一条新公交线路沿着的社区进行补充定性分析，该奖项将涉及在城市和社区范围内对关键人物进行采访，以及对新线路车站附近的社区居民进行调查和焦点小组。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

This research project will investigate how public investments in rail transit impact levels of income segregation in urban America. The investigators will analyze how a public investment like rail transit affects land values, residential location decisions, and neighborhood changes in ways that influence metropolitan-wide patterns of segregation, with special emphasis given to the movements of lower-income residents. The project will enhance basic understanding of fundamental theories regarding residential sorting. It will help fill an important gap in the current state of knowledge of gentrification processes by modeling where potentially displaced residents move. The project will help identify motivating factors that influence decisions to stay or leave a neighborhood impacted by new transit development through community-engaged scholarship that focuses on the perspectives of local residents and that connects residents, researchers, and key stakeholders and decision makers. Given widespread investments in rail transit, project results will provide information and perspectives that can be used to address social and public policy issues in many communitiesacross the United States and elsewhere. The project also will promote technical literacy and education by engaging students and community partners in an applied, mixed-methods geography course where they will examine the issue, participate in surveying residents, perform basic analyses on the collected data, and map and measure segregation trends following the implementation of a new rail transit line.Much of the recent scholarship examining relationships among rail transit investments, displacement, and gentrification has emphasized how land values and aggregate-level neighborhood outcomes are impacted by transit. This research project will focus on the movement of lower-income residents in response to transit investments by addressing the following research questions: (1) Are lower-income residents more likely to move out of neighborhoods following the placement of new transit stations than other residents? (2) Do lower-income residents relocate to neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic composition? (3) What are the motivating factors that affect relocation decisions both into and out of transit neighborhoods? (4) Where and for which income groups do residential economic segregation trends change following the establishment of a new transit system? To gather quantitative data about residential movements and to understand the rationale behind these locational decisions, the investigators will employ a mix of multi-scalar methods. They will analyze an individual-level, longitudinal dataset collected as part of the Panel Study on Income Dynamics to trace residential movements of individuals in and out of transit neighborhoods throughout the United States since 1970. They also will conduct a complementary qualitative analysis in neighborhoods along a new transit line in Charlotte, North Carolina, that will involve interviews with key individuals at both the city and community scales as well as surveys and focus groups with neighborhood residents in proximity to stations of the new line.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.