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Sayings of Jesus in the Context of Ancient Sayings Traditions:An Investigation of the Nature, Composition and Redaction of Ancient Sayings Collections Compared to Q and the Gospel of Thomas, together with Pseudo-Phocylides, Sextus and Epicurus

古语录传统背景下的耶稣语录:与《Q》和《托马斯福音》以及伪福克利德斯、塞克斯图斯和伊壁鸠鲁相比，对古语录集的性质、构成和编辑的调查

基本信息

批准号：
232887308
负责人：
Professor Dr. Wilfried Eisele
金额：
--
依托单位：
Seminar für Orientalistik und Islamwissenschaft
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2012-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/232887308?language=en
关键词：
Sayings Jesus Context Ancient Traditions

项目摘要

Collections of sayings by well-known public figures were popular and widespread throughout antiquity. However, the existence of any such collection of sayings attributed to Jesus was long unknown. Such a collection was first postulated only in 1835 by Karl Lachmann, who suggested that a collection of Jesus sayings served as one of the sources of the Synoptic Gospels. Since Lachmann, scholars have largely succeeded in reconstructing most of this so-called Sayings Source Q from the sayings material shared by the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. Furthermore, the discovery of the Gospel of Thomas in 1945, in Coptic, at Nag Hammadi, Egypt, provided modern scholarship, for the first time, a virtually intact collection of dominical sayings. Still, finding adequate criteria for a cogent interpretation of these texts remains an unresolved issue. By virtue of their genre, collections of texts present very diverse material arranged in a more or less loose manner. Since narrative or argumentative coherence is almost entirely absent, the well-proven methods of narrative or discourse analysis fail to work. A biographical outline of the life of Jesus, though not narrated as such, is nevertheless still revealed by Q. The Gospel of Thomas, on the other hand, has resisted all attempts by scholars to identify any comprehensive compositional principles underlying the collected sayings material. This is where the proposed project seeks to make a contribution, in that it will both nuance and expand the methodologies commonly used to assess these texts. Whereas previous compositional analyses have assumed a uniform textual transmission of the texts in question, this study will look at the diversity among individual textual witnesses and evaluate their relevance for the transmission history of individual sayings. At the same time, the transmission of sayings of Jesus in the Gospel of Thomas and in Q will no longer be considered in isolation, but rather within the context of the ancient practice of creating sayings collections, a practice that followed its own rules, though these have scarcely been subjected to study. The two main objectives of this research project are to isolate, as precisely as possible and on the basis of selected text corpora, those rules that governed the creation of ancient sayings collections and to then to utilize them in the compositional analysis of Q and the Gospel of Thomas. To this end, sayings collections from antiquity will be used that are extant, in their respective manuscript traditions, in significantly different forms. This is the case with each with the collections of sayings attributed to Pseudo-Phocylides, Sextus and Epicurus. At the same time, an advantage of this selection is that it includes a Jewish collection of sayings (Pseudo-Phocylides), a Christian one (Sextus) and a pagan one (Epicurus), all of which date to the Hellenistic-Roman period.

著名公众人物的格言集在古代很受欢迎，也很普遍。然而，归因于耶稣的任何这样的谚语集的存在长期以来都是未知的。直到1835年，卡尔·拉赫曼才首次提出了这种集合的假设，他建议将耶稣格言的集合作为天气福音的来源之一。自拉赫曼以来，学者们在很大程度上成功地从马太福音和路加福音分享的谚语材料中重建了大部分所谓的谚语来源Q。此外，1945年在埃及纳格哈马迪的科普特发现的多马福音，第一次提供了现代学术，几乎完整的主要谚语集合。然而，找到足够的标准来对这些文本进行令人信服的解释仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。由于它们的体裁，文本集合呈现了多种多样的材料，或多或少以松散的方式排列。由于叙事或论辩连贯几乎完全不存在，因此，久经考验的叙事或语篇分析方法无法奏效。耶稣生平的传记大纲，虽然没有这样叙述，但仍然揭示了Q。另一方面，多马福音，已经抵制了所有学者的尝试，以确定任何全面的组成原则的基础上收集的格言材料。这就是拟议的项目寻求作出贡献的地方，因为它将细微差别并扩大通常用于评估这些文本的方法。以往的成分分析假设文本的传递是一致的，而本研究将考察个体文本见证者之间的差异，并评估它们与个体谚语传播史的关联性。同时，在多马福音和Q中传递耶稣的格言将不再被孤立地考虑，而是在创建格言集的古代实践的背景下进行考虑，这是一种遵循其自身规则的实践，尽管这些几乎没有受到研究。这项研究项目的两个主要目标是在选定的文本语料库的基础上，尽可能准确地分离那些管理古代谚语集合创建的规则，然后将它们用于Q和多马福音的成分分析。为此，将使用现存的古代谚语集，在各自的手稿传统中，以显著不同的形式。这是与每个被归因于伪斐氏，塞克斯图斯和伊壁鸠鲁的格言集合的情况。同时，这一选择的一个优势是，它包括一个犹太人的格言集合(伪Phcylides)，一个基督教的(Sextus)和一个异教的(伊壁鸠鲁)，所有这些都可以追溯到希腊化-罗马时期。