RUI: The Multi-Dimensional Structure of Urban Landscapes and the Supply and Distribution of Ecosystem Services

RUI：城市景观的多维结构与生态系统服务的供给与分配

• 批准号: 1832407
• 负责人: Peleg Kremer
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: Villanova University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1832407&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Multi; Dimensional; Structure; Urban

This research project will address the relationship between the spatial organization of urban components and the delivery and distribution of urban ecosystem services such as air filtration, local climate regulation, and noise reduction. To better identify how the spatial organization of urban structure interacts with environmental and ecological phenomena to produce and distribute urban ecosystem services, this project will help build the scientific foundation for understanding urban structure-ecological function interaction by testing the relationship between common compositions of urban structure classes, including the integration of the vertical dimension of building, and indicators of ecosystem services. Modeling of urban structure-ecological function relationships at a fine spatial scale-will provide geographers, urban planners, and engineers with the scientific foundation necessary for planning effective interventions to promote urban sustainability and human well-being. Project findings will benefit researchers and public officials working in the fields of urban planning and design, environmental health, environmental justice, and environmental modeling. To complement the basic research components of this project, special educational outreach activities will introduce students from a diverse set of urban backgrounds, including members of groups underrepresented in STEM, to concepts and hands-on data-collection and -analysis activities relating to ecosystems services in their localities. Rapid growth in the global urban population poses major challenges to the health and well-being of urban dwellers and requires innovative approaches to urban planning. The investigators will conduct a multi-dimensional urban structure classification and comparative analysis of the relationships between urban structure and surface temperature in seven U.S. cities. A more focused case study in Philadelphia will address the urban ecosystem services of air pollution and noise mitigation through a new mobile data-collection and analytic scheme. This project will explore answers to several critical questions regarding sustainable urban design: Are common multi-dimensional urban structure classes similar across cities, and are they stable across scales of aggregation? Are urban surface temperature signatures explained better by such urban classes than by individual land-cover classes? How is urban structure associated with ecosystem services such as air pollution and noise mitigation? How do different configurations of urban vegetation help mitigate air and noise pollution in cities such as Philadelphia? The project will include the development and verification of the multi-dimensional, functional urban land-cover classification using multiple case study cities in the U.S. Research activities will include spatial and statistical analysis of land use and land cover, elevation, and other remote sensing data as well as a stratified sampling scheme of fine-scale, spatially explicit measurements of a series of urban ecosystem service indicators, including surface and ambient temperature, air pollution, and noise.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该研究项目将研究城市组成部分的空间组织与空气过滤、当地气候调节和降噪等城市生态系统服务的提供和分配之间的关系。 为了更好地认识城市结构的空间组织如何与环境和生态现象相互作用，从而产生和分配城市生态系统服务，该项目将通过测试城市结构类别的常见组成之间的关系，包括建筑垂直维度的整合和生态系统服务指标，为理解城市结构与生态功能相互作用奠定科学基础。 在精细空间尺度上对城市结构-生态功能关系进行建模，将为地理学家、城市规划师和工程师提供规划有效干预措施所需的科学基础，以促进城市可持续性和人类福祉。 项目研究结果将使城市规划和设计、环境健康、环境正义和环境建模领域的研究人员和公职人员受益。 为了补充该项目的基础研究部分，特殊的教育推广活动将向来自不同城市背景的学生（包括 STEM 中代表性不足的群体的成员）介绍与当地生态系统服务相关的概念和实践数据收集和分析活动。全球城市人口的快速增长给城市居民的健康和福祉带来了重大挑战，需要创新的城市规划方法。 研究人员将对美国七个城市的城市结构与地表温度之间的关系进行多维度的分类和比较分析。 费城的一项更有针对性的案例研究将通过新的移动数据收集和分析方案来解决空气污染和噪音缓解的城市生态系统服务问题。该项目将探讨有关可持续城市设计的几个关键问题的答案：常见的多维城市结构类别在不同城市之间是否相似，它们在聚合规模上是否稳定？ 这种城市类别比单个土地覆盖类别更好地解释了城市表面温度特征吗？ 城市结构与空气污染和噪音缓解等生态系统服务有何关联？ 城市植被的不同配置如何帮助减轻费城等城市的空气和噪音污染？ 该项目将包括使用美国多个案例研究城市开发和验证多维、功能性城市土地覆盖分类。研究活动将包括土地利用和土地覆盖、海拔和其他遥感数据的空间和统计分析，以及一系列城市生态系统服务指标（包括地表和环境温度、空气污染和噪音）的精细尺度、空间明确测量的分层抽样方案。 该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Outdoor Atmospheric Microbial Diversity Is Associated With Urban Landscape Structure and Differs From Indoor-Transit Systems as Revealed by Mobile Monitoring and Three-Dimensional Spatial Analysis

• DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.620461
• 发表时间: 2020-06
• 作者: J. Stewart;P. Kremer;K. Shakya;M. Conway;A. Saad

Temporal change in relationships between urban structure and surface temperature

• DOI: 10.1177/23998083221083677
• 发表时间: 2021-05
• 期刊: Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science
• 作者: J. Stewart;P. Kremer

Mobile Monitoring of Air Pollution Reveals Spatial and Temporal Variation in an Urban Landscape

• DOI: 10.3389/fbuil.2021.648620
• 发表时间: 2021-05-04
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Cummings, Lucas E.;Stewart, Justin D.;Kremer, Peleg
• 通讯作者: Kremer, Peleg

Predicting citywide distribution of air pollution using mobile monitoring and three-dimensional urban structure

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103510
• 发表时间: 2022-01-01
• 期刊: SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY
• 影响因子: 11.7
• 作者: Cummings, Lucas E.;Stewart, Justin D.;Shakya, Kabindra. M.
• 通讯作者: Shakya, Kabindra. M.

Mapping Social Vulnerability to Air Pollution in Philadelphia, PA

• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 作者: M. Conway;K. Shakya;P. Kremer