Many-boson quantum states and highly non-equilibrium quantum dynamics of low-dimensional attractive Bose systems

该项目的一个主要目标是了解量子动力学，并在多体水平上探索低维吸引玻色系统的丰富物理现象。Gross-Pitaevskii理论是被广泛接受的平均场工具之一，用于研究超冷低维吸引玻色气体的静态和动态特性。它预测了动态稳定的相干一维物体——孤子和孤子列的存在。最近，我们利用我们的多构型时间依赖理论研究了一维吸引玻色气体在多体水平上的动力学。哈特里玻色子（MCTDHB）方法，发现了一个比以前已知的更丰富的物理现象。特别是，我们已经发现了新的动态稳定的碎片对象-称为卡顿和碎片。这些碎片物体与孤子序列不同，通常比孤子序列能量更低。本课题旨在：(1)研究新的动态稳定物体卡顿和碎片的现象学及其形成机制。(2)在多体水平上研究孤子的碰撞特性，寻找并检验在这些碰撞中是否存在多体物理。(3)在二维中发展MCTDHB方法并对其进行基准测试，并在二维中探索吸引玻色气体的多体动力学（预计会非常丰富）。

A major goal of this project is to understand the quantum dynamics and explore the wealth of physical phenomena of low-dimensional attractive Bose systems, on the manybody level. The Gross-Pitaevskii theory is one of the widely accepted mean-field tools dealing with static and dynamical properties of ultracold low-dimensional attractive Bose gases. It predicts the existence of dynamically-stable coherent one-dimensional (1D) objects - solitons and soliton trains. Recently, we studied the dynamics of 1D attractive Bose gases on the many-body level by utilizing our multiconfigurational time-dependent.Hartree for bosons (MCTDHB) method and found a substantially richer physics that what was previously known. In particular, we have discovered new dynamically-stable fragmented objects - termed catons and fragmentons. These fragmented objects are distinct from and generally are lower in energy than the soliton trains. The proposed project is aimed at:(1) Studying the phenomenology and mechanisms of formation of the new dynamically-stable objects catons and fragmentons.(2) Studying the collisional properties of solitons on the many-body level, searching and checking for the emergence of many-body physics during these collisions.(3) Developing and benchmarking the MCTDHB method in 2D, and exploring - what is expected to be very rich - the many-body dynamics of attractive Bose gases in 2D.