Doctoral Dissertation Research: An Historical Study of Medical, Scientific, and Cultural Perspectives on Vision

博士论文研究：视觉医学、科学和文化视角的历史研究

• 批准号: 1849620
• 负责人: Pamela Smith
• 金额: $ 1.57万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-05-01 至 2020-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1849620&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Historical; Study

This doctoral dissertation research project is a study of vision that traces the development of ophthalmology in early modern Europe. The research will use archival sources and historical analysis to investigate the ways in which the eye was studied, eye diseases were treated, and the knowledge of the eye was transmitted during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in Europe. Knowledge of the eye not only formed a critical branch of medical and technological investigation, it was also of cultural and scientific significance. The project will capture a distinctive moment in European history, when the emergence of the strong interest in the anatomy, physiology and pathology of the eye corresponded to an intensified reflection on vision as the foundation of knowledge. The results of this project will be communicated through publications and pedagogical initiatives. The research products will be published as scholarly articles and as part of a dissertation; the researcher also has plans to write a book in an accessible style for both academic and general audiences alike. The results of this study will also be used to develop undergraduate curriculum and incorporated into learning activities for high school students that will bridge gaps between the sciences and the humanities.The overarching goal of this research project us to reveal interconnections between medical, scientific and artistic practices in early modern Europe. The researcher will examine a variety of sources, including texts, images and material artifacts, such as illustrations representing surgical tools and procedures, anatomical models, and optical instruments. By bringing these materials together, the project will chart a variety of "ways of knowing," from theoretical construction to practical making and doing, in the development of early modern science and medicine. The results of this project will bring to light perspectives that have been long overlooked in traditional scholarship, and it will challenge the existing historiography of vision. It will build on while departing from scholarship in history of medicine by offering fresh insights in visual and material culture of science and medicine. By locating and connecting a diverse group of people, such as artisans and barber surgeons in addition to princely rulers and natural philosophers, the project will expand our knowledge of the variety of practitioners of early modern science across social classes and professions. It will broaden our perspective on how knowledge was produced, communicated and circulated; and it will contribute to a deeper understanding of the wider culture of seeing and knowing in early modern Europe.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个博士论文研究项目是一项视觉研究，追溯了早期现代欧洲眼科的发展。这项研究将使用档案资料和历史分析来调查眼睛在16世纪和17世纪在欧洲被研究的方式，眼睛疾病的治疗，以及眼睛知识的传播。眼睛知识不仅构成了医学和技术调查的一个重要分支，而且还具有文化和科学意义。该项目将捕捉到欧洲历史上的一个独特时刻，当时人们对眼睛的解剖学、生理学和病理学产生了浓厚的兴趣，相应地加强了对作为知识基础的视觉的反思。这一项目的成果将通过出版物和教学举措进行传播。这些研究成果将作为学术论文和论文的一部分发表；研究人员还计划以通俗易懂的风格写一本书，供学术和普通读者阅读。这项研究的结果还将用于制定本科课程，并纳入高中生的学习活动，以弥合科学和人文之间的差距。这项研究项目的总体目标是揭示早期现代欧洲医疗、科学和艺术实践之间的相互联系。研究人员将研究各种来源，包括文本、图像和材料文物，例如代表手术工具和程序、解剖模型和光学仪器的插图。通过将这些材料结合在一起，该项目将绘制出早期现代科学和医学发展中从理论构建到实际制作和行动的各种“认识方式”。这个项目的结果将揭示在传统学术中长期被忽视的观点，它将挑战现有的视觉史学。它将通过提供科学和医学的视觉和物质文化的新见解，在背离医学史学术的同时继续发展。通过定位和连接不同的人群，如工匠和理发师，以及贵族尺子和自然哲学家，该项目将扩大我们对不同社会阶层和职业的早期现代科学从业人员的知识。它将拓宽我们对知识是如何产生、传播和传播的视角；它将有助于更深入地了解早期现代欧洲更广泛的观看和了解文化。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。