Inventive Intersections: Sites, Artifacts and the Rise of Modern Science and Technology

创造性的交叉点：遗址、文物和现代科学技术的兴起

• 批准号: 0347223
• 负责人: Pamela Smith
• 金额: $ 1.02万
• 依托单位: Pomona College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-06-01 至 2005-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0347223&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Inventive; Intersections; Sites; Artifacts; Rise

The Scientific and Industrial Revolutions are usually regarded as two of the most important landmarks of European history. Traditionally, historians have connected them by developments. More generally, the relationship between the history of science and technology has long been viewed in similar binary terms: did technology develop independently or should it be viewed as "applied science"? The workshop proposed here offers a different perspective. It begins by replacing the historiographically reified distinction between science and technology with an historical examination of natural inquiry and invention during the period between the so-called Scientific and IndustrialRevolutions. Not only are the terms "natural inquiry" and "invention" historiographically neutral, they allow for the fact that inquiry and invention could and did lead to both scientific and technological development. In other words, it is not the case that natural inquiry falls under the domain of the history of science and invention under the history of technology; their dynamic interaction helped give rise to what institutionally evolved as two domains.The proposed workshop will be organized by focusing on key sites and artifacts that provided points of intersection for a broad range of actors who inquired into and inventively engaged with nature and art. Participants will analyze how the various interests and activities of philosophers, doctors, merchants, courtiers, governmental and private patrons, artisans, apothecaries and engineers were fused by their passage through these materialized crossroads to give rise to both technological development and scientific formation. The Scientific and Industrial Revolutions are hereby reconfigured as episodes in an historical process whereby the processes and results of natural inquiry and invention gained increasingly regularized and institutionalized form, culminating in what we have since come to recognize as modern science and technology.This project is part of an ongoing conversation in the history of science and technology, offering a challenging response to some of the field's central questions. How do we account for the development and interaction between these two paramount and important elements of (post-) modern culture? What do we mean when we use terms such as the "Scientific Revolution" and "Industrial Revolution"? What historical developments tied these two "revolutions" together? How can the lessons of history sensitize us to our current identities as scientists, technologists and citizens?The major sponsor of this workshop, to be held in Amsterdam in September 2004, is the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences (KNAW). This proposal requests funds solely to fund participation by American scholars.

科学革命和工业革命通常被认为是欧洲历史上最重要的两个里程碑。传统上，历史学家通过发展将它们联系起来。更一般地说，科学史和技术史之间的关系长期以来一直被视为类似的二元术语：技术是独立发展的还是应该被视为“应用科学”？ 这里提议的研讨会提供了一个不同的视角。它首先用对所谓科学革命和工业革命之间的自然探索和发明的历史考察来取代科学和技术之间在历史上具体化的区别。“自然探索”和“发明”这两个术语不仅在历史上是中立的，而且还考虑到了这样一个事实，即探索和发明能够而且确实导致了科学和技术的发展。也就是说，自然探究不福尔斯科学史的范畴，发明不属于技术史的范畴;这两个领域的动态互动有助于在制度上演变为两个领域。拟议的研讨会将重点关注关键遗址和人工制品，这些遗址和人工制品为探索和创造性地参与自然和艺术的广泛行为者提供了交叉点。与会者将分析哲学家，医生，商人，朝臣，政府和私人赞助人，工匠，药剂师和工程师的各种利益和活动如何通过这些物化的十字路口融合，从而产生技术发展和科学形成。科学和工业革命因此被重新配置为历史过程中的片段，在这个过程中，自然探索和发明的过程和结果获得了越来越规则化和制度化的形式，最终形成了我们后来认识到的现代科学和技术。该项目是科学技术史上正在进行的对话的一部分，对该领域的一些核心问题提出了具有挑战性的回答。我们如何解释（后）现代文化中这两个最重要的因素之间的发展和相互作用？当我们使用“科学革命”和“工业革命”等术语时，我们指的是什么？是什么样的历史发展把这两次“革命”联系在一起的？历史的教训如何使我们敏感地认识到我们目前作为科学家、技术人员和公民的身份？该讲习班将于2004年9月在阿姆斯特丹举行，其主要赞助者是荷兰皇家科学院。这项提案要求的资金仅用于资助美国学者的参与。