DDRIG: An Historical Study of Science and Scientific Culture

DDRIG：科学和科学文化的历史研究

• 批准号: 2147089
• 负责人: Pamela Smith
• 金额: $ 1.42万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-06-01 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2147089&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DDRIG; Historical; Study; Science; Scientific

This Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant supports a study in the history of science that focuses on the development of science and scientific culture in the immediate aftermath of the Scientific Revolution. Up through the 19th century, science was not a uniform discipline or practice—there were many ways to investigate and engage with nature, not all of which are considered within the ambit of modern science today, but which nevertheless shaped the objectives and practices of modern science. By broadening the conception of what science is and how it developed, this project investigates the scientific activities that were carried out at non-traditional sites, including monastic communities, trade transshipment ports, and manufacturing complexes. By studying these sites alongside more familiar institutions, such as scientific academies, this project widens the category of scientific activities to include pre-industrial processes and technologies and lays the essential preconditions for the development of a scientific culture. In doing so, it re-evaluates the relationship between theory and practice in science and considers the relationship of religion and a material conception of nature. Through archival research on the life and scholarship of natural philosopher, polymath, and popularizer of science Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (1711-1765), this project examines three central questions: (1) what stimulated the rapid growth of science in the 18th century? (2) How should science be characterized in the 18th century, and who were its legitimate and extra-legitimate practitioners? (3) How were scientific methods and scientific authority codified, presented, and normalized in everyday discourse? Lomonosov’s life forms a lens through which the full history of science comes into sharper focus. Additionally, this study reveals Lomonosov’s efforts to create a science-literate public and cultivate trust in science and scientific authority. This account thus helps to historicize the promotion of scientific trust today. The results of this project will be shared through publications in scholarly and popular venues as well as through teaching.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这篇博士论文研究改进基金支持科学史上的一项研究，重点是科学革命后科学和科学文化的发展。直到19世纪，科学并不是一门统一的学科或实践--有许多方法来研究和接触自然，虽然不是所有的方法都被认为是现代科学的范围，但它们仍然塑造了现代科学的目标和实践。通过扩大科学是什么及其如何发展的概念，该项目调查了在非传统场所开展的科学活动，包括寺院社区、贸易转运港口和制造设施。通过与更熟悉的机构，如科学院一起研究这些地点，该项目扩大了科学活动的类别，将工业化前的过程和技术包括在内，并为发展科学文化奠定了必要的先决条件。在这样做的过程中，它重新评估了科学理论与实践之间的关系，并考虑了宗教与物质自然观的关系。通过对自然哲学家、博学者和科学普及者米哈伊尔·瓦西里耶维奇·洛蒙诺索夫(Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov，1711-1765)的生平和学术研究，这个项目考察了三个核心问题：(1)是什么刺激了18世纪科学的快速发展？(2)18世纪应该如何描述科学，以及谁是合法和非合法的实践者？(3)科学方法和科学权威是如何在日常话语中被编纂、呈现和规范化的？洛蒙诺索夫的一生形成了一个镜头，通过这个镜头，整个科学史得到了更清晰的关注。此外，这项研究揭示了洛蒙诺索夫努力创造一个有科学素养的公众，并培养对科学和科学权威的信任。因此，这一描述有助于将今天促进科学信任的过程载入史册。该项目的成果将通过学术和流行场所的出版物以及教学进行分享。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。