Standard Grant: The Role of Craft Skill in Scientific Practice

该奖项为哥伦比亚大学科学与社会中心的一项研究计划--制造和了解项目提供支持。这项研究汇集了学生、从业人员、人文和社会科学学者、自然科学家以及来自计算机科学和数字人文学科的专家，他们参加了正式的大学课程和一系列的“专家众包”研讨会和工作组。该奖项将支持该项目合作和教育学驱动的研究方法的进一步发展。它还将协助完成开放获取的数字评论版和一份重要的法语手稿和技术手稿的英文翻译。在这个项目之前，这份手稿从未发表过，也没有被广泛研究过。它包含了各种各样的食谱和说明，涉及的领域包括医学、金工、测量、弹道学、颜料和清漆制造、大炮铸造以及对动物行为的详细观察。它为科学革命的早期阶段提供了一个重要的视角，当时主要是由熟练的工匠通过连续和有条不紊的实验来研究自然，在制造就是知道的时期。开放获取的评论版将使不同的受众能够访问手稿，并允许他们通过文本、图像和视频体验历史技术的过程性知识。NSF对该项目的支持将使研究团队能够继续进行实验室研究，以提高研究结果的准确性和加强分析，并将前三年的广泛研究数据转化为2019年数字出版的关键版本，这些数据现在以各种格式存储。该项目正在研究手稿的书面和实践活动的集合，采用跨学科的方法，包括动手重建食谱(使用历史上相关的材料、工具和过程)，以及来自数字人文的新数据可视化和分析。因此，该项目正在创新跨学科合作和教育学驱动的研究模式，这些模式将被纳入研究和教育学模板，供希望在自己的研究和教学中实施该项目方法的学者使用。该模板将作为关键版本和项目网站的一部分免费提供。评论版也将向不同的观众免费开放。它将在极其有限的技术论文语料库中增加一篇罕见而重要的文本，从而为STS、科技史和其他学科的新学术提供丰富的证据。

This award provides support for the Making and Knowing Project, a research initiative of the Center for Science and Society at Columbia University. The research brings together students, practitioners, scholars of the humanities and social sciences, natural scientists, and specialists from computer science and the digital humanities in formal university courses and a series of "expert crowdsourcing" workshops and working groups. The award will support further development of the project's collaborative and pedagogy-driven research methodology. It will also facilitate the completion of an open access digital critical edition and English translation of an important French artisanal and technical manuscript. The manuscript was never published or extensively studied prior to this project. It contains a huge variety of recipes and instructions in areas as varied as medicine, metalworking, surveying, ballistics, pigment and varnish making, cannon casting, and detailed observations of animal behavior. It provides an important perspective into the earliest phases of the Scientific Revolution, when nature was investigated primarily by skilled artisans by means of continuous and methodical experimentation in the making of objects during a period when making was knowing. The open-access critical edition will make the manuscript accessible to diverse audiences, and allow them to experience the processual knowledge of historical techniques through texts, images, and videos. NSF support for this project will enable the research team to continue laboratory research to increase the accuracy and enhance analysis of research results, and to transform the extensive research data of the previous three years, which is now stored in a variety of formats, into the critical edition for digital publication in 2019. The project is researching the manuscript's assemblage of written and practiced activity by employing interdisciplinary methodologies, including hands-on reconstructions of the recipes (using historically relevant materials, tools, and processes) and new data visualization and analysis from the digital humanities. The Project is thus innovating models of cross-disciplinary collaboration and pedagogy-driven research that will be incorporated into a Research and Pedagogy Template for scholars who wish to implement the Project's methodologies in their own research and teaching. The Template will be freely available as a part of the critical edition and the Project's website. The critical edition will also be freely accessible to diverse audiences. It will add a rare and important text to an extremely limited corpus of technical treatises and thereby provide rich evidence for new scholarship in STS, the history of science and technology, and other disciplines.