The Role of Tacit Knowledge in Scientific Experimentation

隐性知识在科学实验中的作用

• 批准号: 1430843
• 负责人: Pamela Smith
• 金额: $ 43.61万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1430843&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Role; Tacit; Knowledge; Scientific; Experimentation

Experimental historian of science, Professor Pamela Smith will lead a team of international interdisciplinary experts and students in the reenactment of experiments that were conducted during the scientific revolution. In 2014-15, the focus will be metalworking and portrait medal casting; in 2015-16, on pigment making and painting; and in 2016-17, on varnish making. These laboratory seminars lay out a new model for collaboration between the humanities and sciences, demonstrating the reciprocal effects of bringing historical research to bear on laboratory activities and vice versa. It will have significant impact on students of chemistry, engineering, and history because the learning experiences are designed to illuminate the relationship between making and knowing. The historic laboratory manual from which these historical experimental reenactments will be drawn will be published in an open-access format open to the public and the results of the research will be made available in a multi-media interactive online environment. This resource will be invaluable to scholars and to science educators and students interested in STEM. The involvement of curators, conservation scientists, and educators will ensure that museums and other public institutions will be able to use the research generated by the project to develop public programming and installations that emphasize the common history of art, technology, and science and the value of history of science and hands-on learning in both historical and scientific training. This project will illuminate the role of technical manuals in fostering the creative process and technical ability, qualities that are instrumental to industrial innovation. The focus will be the physicality of investigating nature, particularly the tactile relationship to materials that produced unprecedented accuracy and innovation in experimentation and on the role of tacit knowledge in methodological experimentation. A better understanding of the embodied techniques used in scientific experimentation may illuminate current concerns with experimental replication.

科学实验历史学家帕梅拉·史密斯教授将带领一个由国际跨学科专家和学生组成的团队重现科学革命期间进行的实验。2014-15年度，重点将是金属加工和肖像奖牌铸造；2015-16年度，重点将是颜料制造和绘画；2016-17年度，重点将是清漆制造。这些实验室研讨会展示了人文科学和科学之间合作的新模式，展示了将历史研究应用于实验室活动的互惠效果，反之亦然。它将对化学、工程和历史专业的学生产生重大影响，因为学习经验旨在阐明制造和知识之间的关系。这些历史实验再现的历史实验室手册将以开放获取的形式向公众出版，研究结果将在多媒体互动的在线环境中提供。这一资源对学者、科学教育工作者和对STEM感兴趣的学生来说将是无价的。策展人、保护科学家和教育工作者的参与将确保博物馆和其他公共机构能够利用该项目产生的研究成果，开发公共规划和装置，强调共同的艺术、技术和科学历史，以及科学史和实践学习在历史和科学培训中的价值。本项目将阐明技术手册在培养创造性过程和技术能力方面的作用，这是有助于工业创新的素质。重点将是研究自然的物理性质，特别是与材料的触觉关系，这些材料在实验中产生了前所未有的准确性和创新性，以及默会知识在方法论实验中的作用。对科学实验中使用的具体化技术的更好理解可能会阐明当前对实验复制的担忧。