New Technologies in Organic Synthesis in Water

化学学部的化学合成项目支持加州大学圣巴巴拉分校Bruce Lipshutz教授的研究。该项目旨在开发更环保的制造有机化学品的方法，特别是将石油基（有机）溶剂转换为水作为进行化学反应的介质。有机溶剂通常是易燃和有毒的，代表了主要的废物流，因为它们可能从化学反应的开始和结束产物中分离出来。水作为溶剂使用的增加对减少有机溶剂的使用具有相当大的潜在影响。在一个示例研究主题中，胶束（类似于肥皂泡）被用作避免使用有机溶剂的方法，使化合物密切接触，从而使它们发生反应。除了科学研究可能有利于许多商品化学品的先进制造，如化肥和药品，该团队还为高中学生和教师提供可持续发展原则的培训。这些学生和老师在暑假里获得了实施环保反应化学的实践经验。该奖项的研究重点是在绿色化学条件下进行的有机金属化学新技术的开发。环保反应将通过开发palladacycle骨架来实现，其中包括新的配体HandaPhos，该配体使铃木-宫浦（SM）偶联在300 ppm（百万分之一）的催化剂负载水平下实现。最近披露的一种新的配体EvanPhos为SM偶联提供了新的机会。其他有价值的项目包括开发新的镍纳米颗粒，在非常温和的条件下在水中使二卤环丙烷脱卤，以及在室温下在水中进行新的还原胺化。这项研究还发现了一种新的钯催化剂，它可以将Buchwald-Hartwig胺化转化为一种环保的过程，并且首次允许在催化剂负载的ppm水平下进行这种化学反应。新的方向还包括在拥挤的纳米胶束中使用构象控制，而不是温度控制，在不对称催化中最大化对映体过量，以及使用胶束催化作为反应介质的连续流动技术的进一步发展。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The Chemical Synthesis Program of the Chemistry Division supports the research of Professor Bruce Lipshutz at the University of California at Santa Barbara. This project aims to develop more environmentally-friendly methods of making organic chemicals, specifically by switching from petroleum-based (organic) solvents to water as the medium to conduct the chemical reaction. Organic solvents are often flammable and toxic, representing a major waste stream as they may be separated from both the starting and ending products of a chemical reaction. The increased use of water as a solvent has considerable potential impact for reducing the use of organic solvents. In an example research theme, micelles (similar to soap bubbles) are used as a way to avoid the use of organic solvents in bringing compounds in close contact so that they react. In addition to the scientific research which may benefit the advanced manufacturing of many commodity chemicals such as fertilizers and pharmaceuticals, the team provides training on the principles of sustainability to high school students and teachers. These students and teachers spend their summer gaining hands-on experience in the implementation of environmentally-friendly reaction chemistries. Research being conducted under this NSF award focuses on development of new technologies in organometallic chemistry, conducted under Green Chemistry conditions. Envirionmentally-friendly reactions will be accomplished by developing palladacycle backbones that include the new ligand HandaPhos, which enables the Suzuki-Miyaura (SM) couplings at the 300 parts per million (ppm) level of catalyst loading. A new ligand recently disclosed, EvanPhos, offers new opportunities for SM couplings. Other projects of value include the development of new nickel nanoparticles that dehalogenate dihalocyclopropanes in water under very mild conditions as well as a new reductive amination protocol done in water at room temperature. Also included in this research is the discovery of a new palladium catalyst that converts Buchwald-Hartwig aminations into an environmentally friendly processes and, for the first time, allows for this chemistry to be done at the ppm level of catalyst loading. New directions also presented include using conformational control within crowded nanomicelles, rather than temperature, to maximize enantiomeric excesses in asymmetric catalysis, and the further advancement of continuous flowtechniques using micellar catalysis as the reaction medium.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.