Discrimination of Applicants on the Basis of their Sexual Orientation: An Experimental Approach

基于性取向的申请人歧视：实验方法

• 批准号: 247916654
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Melanie Caroline Steffens
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Department of Psychology
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/247916654?language=en
• 关键词: Discrimination; Applicants; Basis; their; Sexual

During the first funding period, the overarching objective of the project was to understand whether sexual-orientation based discrimination in application processes can be explained by considering the match between the perceived masculinity and femininity of applicants and of jobs. We applied the Lack-of-Fit Model to the social category sexual orientation. Based on the stereotype that lesbians and gay men transgress traditional gender roles, they should be perceived differently than heterosexuals on the two central dimensions of the Stereotype Content Model. Concretely, gay men should be ascribed higher communion (or warmth) than heterosexual men, whereas lesbians should be ascribed higher agency (including task-related competence) than heterosexual women. Towards these aims, a total of 19 experiments were carried out. They yielded many hypothesized and replicated findings (e.g., that gay men were ascribed high warmth). However, other findings were unexpected and cannot be explained by existing models, in particular findings pertaining to identity intersections (also called non-prototypical identities, e.g., Turkish lesbians in Germany). Findings of most of our experiments revealed positive judgments of these targets. The general objective of the second funding period is to advance knowledge on processes explaining (negative and positive) discrimination based on intersections of different social identity categories in work-related contexts. The ultimate objective is to use findings regarding identity intersections to extend and refine existing models. We will investigate under which conditions the assumption that applicants with non-prototypical group identities have faced discrimination explains their positive impressions (Aim 1). These experiments should also help explain our previous findings. Aim 2 is to develop extended research paradigms to test under which conditions non-prototypical targets are protected from discrimination and in how far this is related to perceivers’ characteristics. Finally, we will integrate existing findings in an extended theoretical model (Aim 3).

在第一个资助期间，该项目的首要目标是了解申请过程中基于性取向的歧视是否可以通过考虑申请人和工作的男性气质和女性气质之间的匹配来解释。我们将失拟模型应用于社会类别性取向。基于男女同性恋者违反传统性别角色的刻板印象，在刻板印象内容模型的两个核心维度上，他们应该被视为与异性恋者不同的人。具体来说，男同性恋应该比异性恋男性有更高的交流（或温暖），而女同性恋应该比异性恋女性有更高的能动性（包括与任务相关的能力）。为了实现这些目标，总共进行了19项实验。他们得出了许多假设和重复的发现（例如，男同性恋被认为是高度热情的）。然而，其他发现是出乎意料的，无法用现有模型来解释，特别是有关身份交叉的发现（也称为非原型身份，例如德国的土耳其女同性恋）。我们大多数实验的结果都揭示了对这些目标的积极判断。第二个资助期的总体目标是增进对解释基于工作相关环境中不同社会身份类别交叉的（消极和积极）歧视的过程的了解。最终目标是利用有关身份交叉的发现来扩展和完善现有模型。我们将调查在何种条件下，具有非典型群体身份的申请人面临歧视的假设可以解释他们的积极印象（目标 1）。这些实验也应该有助于解释我们之前的发现。目标 2 是开发扩展的研究范式，以测试在哪些条件下非原型目标可以免受歧视，以及这与感知者的特征有多大关系。最后，我们将把现有的发现整合到一个扩展的理论模型中（目标 3）。