RESEARCH-PGR - Adapting Crops to a Harsh Environment: Interplay between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Drought Stress and Plasticity of Plant Architecture

RESEARCH-PGR - 使作物适应恶劣环境：丛枝菌根真菌、干旱胁迫和植物结构可塑性之间的相互作用

• 批准号: 2119820
• 负责人: Julia Bailey-Serres
• 金额: $ 310万
• 依托单位: University of California-Riverside
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-10-01 至 2025-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2119820&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RESEARCH; PGR; Adapting; Crops; Harsh

Unpredictable climate and persistent droughts have an adverse impact on crop yield. Intimate association of plant root systems with fungi called arbuscular mycorrhizae that naturally grow in soil can allow crops to combat drought stress. The relationship between these fungi and the host root is mutually beneficial, with the fungus delivering minerals and water to the plant, and the plant feeding the fungus with sugars and lipids. These exchanges happen within specific cells of the root and result in overall promotion of plant growth. Very little is known about how plant root cells host fungi without harm, and how this influences plant growth. Two very different and important crops, tomato and rice, will be compared to identify similarities in how they begin and control a beneficial interaction with another organism. Regulatory factors that enhance the fungal interaction to a benefit during drought will be modified by breeding. This research will generate new knowledge and methods adapted to crops. It will provide user-friendly web-accessible tools so that others may view the findings in a root map. Graduate students and postdoctoral scholars will be trained as a team in biological and data science. They will be guided in collaboration, project organization and mentoring of others. An introductory training program will be developed that integrates team-based data science education into authentic science experiences for students. Outreach will expose 3rd graders from diverse backgrounds to plant sciences. Educational material will be publicly disseminated. Plant production needs to increase to meet the needs of the global population. However, climate change increases the frequency and duration of water deficit that restricts plant growth and yield. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) symbioses were critical to plant migration to land and conserved pathways associated with this symbiosis have been identified. It is proposed that association of plant root systems with beneficial fungi, like AMF, can improve crop resilience to water deficit. The establishment of AMF symbiosis and the mutual exchange of water and nutrients between crop and symbiont happens within specific cells. In this proposal, two crops that are phylogenetically distinct and critical to US agriculture, tomato and rice, will be compared to identify cell-specific responses to AMF colonization, water deficit and their interaction, and the conserved networks that promote plant growth at cellular resolution. Technologies to capture epigenome and translatome dynamics in the subset of cells responding to distinct AMF elicitors or developing arbuscules and a high-resolution survey of AMF and water deficit interactions from the organ to the cellular level will be implemented. Cutting-edge single cell methodologies and interdisciplinary data analyses will be developed and deployed to profile this inter-kingdom response. Driver transcription factors will be modified using gene editing to facilitate mitigation of the developmental impact of water deficit and increase agricultural productivity. The project will generate user-friendly web-accessible platforms to visualize multi-kingdom cellular ‘omic data at spatial resolution.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

不可预测的气候和持续干旱对作物产量产生不利影响。植物根系与土壤中自然生长的丛枝菌根真菌密切相关，可以使作物抵御干旱胁迫。这些真菌和宿主根之间的关系是互惠互利的，真菌向植物输送矿物质和水，而植物为真菌提供糖和脂质。这些交换发生在根的特定细胞内，并导致植物生长的整体促进。关于植物根细胞如何无害地宿主真菌，以及这如何影响植物生长，人们知之甚少。两种非常不同的重要作物，番茄和水稻，将进行比较，以确定它们如何开始和控制与另一种生物体的有益相互作用的相似之处。在干旱期间增强真菌相互作用以获得益处的调节因素将通过育种来改变。这项研究将产生适应作物的新知识和方法。它将提供方便用户的网络访问工具，以便其他人可以在根地图中查看调查结果。 研究生和博士后学者将作为生物和数据科学的团队进行培训。他们将在协作、项目组织和指导他人方面得到指导。 将开发一个入门培训计划，将基于团队的数据科学教育融入学生的真实科学体验。外展将暴露来自不同背景的三年级学生植物科学。将公开散发教育材料。植物产量需要增加，以满足全球人口的需求。然而，气候变化增加了缺水的频率和持续时间，限制了植物的生长和产量。丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）的共生是至关重要的植物迁移到土地和保守的途径与这种共生关系已被确定。植物根系与AMF等有益真菌的结合可以提高作物对水分亏缺的抵抗力。AMF共生体的建立以及作物与共生体之间的水分和养分交换发生在特定的细胞内。 在这项提案中，两种作物，这是不同的和关键的美国农业，番茄和水稻，将进行比较，以确定细胞特异性的反应AMF殖民化，水分亏缺和它们的相互作用，以及保守的网络，促进植物生长在细胞分辨率。 将实施在响应于不同AMF激发子或发育丛枝的细胞亚组中捕获表观基因组和翻译组动态的技术，以及从器官到细胞水平的AMF和缺水相互作用的高分辨率调查。尖端的单细胞方法和跨学科的数据分析将被开发和部署，以描述这种王国间的反应。驱动转录因子将使用基因编辑进行修饰，以促进缓解缺水对发育的影响并提高农业生产力。该项目将生成用户友好的网络访问平台，以空间分辨率可视化多王国细胞组学数据。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

项目成果

Innovation, conservation, and repurposing of gene function in root cell type development

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.024
• 发表时间: 2021-06-10
• 期刊: CELL
• 影响因子: 64.5
• 作者: Kajala, Kaisa;Gouran, Mona;Brady, Siobhan M.
• 通讯作者: Brady, Siobhan M.