A sea state dependent gas transfer formulation

依赖于海况的气体传输公式

• 批准号: 2122042
• 负责人: Luc Deike
• 金额: $ 41.38万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2122042&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: sea; state; dependent; gas; transfer

This project aims to produce a mechanistic formulation for air-sea gas fluxes, more accurate than empirical relationships currently used. It will develop and test a novel parameterization that fully accounts for the effects of sea-state, wind, and key physicochemical variables such as diffusivity, solubility and temperature on the bubble mediated gas exchange. This is novel as it spans all the scales relevant to the gas transfer problem, from the bubble scale, to the wave statistics at the ocean surface. The flux will be modelled through a sea-state dependent gas transfer velocity, within a unified framework for all gas species. The impact of key variables which are known to influence bubble mediated gas transfer, such as the bubble size distribution, bubble residence time, its dependence on salinity, viscosity and temperature, as well as the diffusivity and solubility of different gases are directly incorporated in the formulation. Better understanding and improved parameterizations of the gas transfer are necessary to better predict the associated global biogeochemical cycles of carbon dioxide, oxygen or dimethyl sulfide. Understanding how the wave field modulates the fluxes of these climate-relevant gases will lead to general improvements in climate and weather models and forecast. Since increased CO2 causes ocean acidification impacting shell-forming marine animals, and limitations in oxygen have broad ecological effects, improved parameterization of the exchange of these gases can help interpret existing observations, and might improve our understanding of local processes and their impact on ecosystems. The general framework to account for sea-state dependence is not limited to gas transfer but could be generalized to other type of fluxes as well. This project will expose undergraduate and graduate students at Princeton to these critical environmental challenges that require research on fundamental multi-phase flows, and promote the use of open-source methods through workshops and teaching activities.This research promotes a general theoretical framework to account for the complex nature of wave breaking and air entrainment, a two-phase turbulent process, and the very large range of scales involved in the process, from wave statistics scales of order of km, O(1km), to wave breaking dynamics, O(1-10m), air entrainment, bubble generation and dissolution O(cm to m). Leveraging recent progress in wave modeling, a state-of-the-art wave model will be used to directly compute the breaking statistics, which will help investigate the role of the full wave complexity on the gas flux at high temporal and spatial resolution. Bubble contribution to air-sea gas exchange will be evaluated regionally and globally for various gases like carbon dioxide and dimethyl sulfide, and the formulation will be extended to low solubility gases such as oxygen by considering the bubble asymmetric contribution. Regions and seasons will be identified where capturing the wave field and associated storms is critical to represent field observations. Systematical comparisons of this modeling approach to recent and historical data sets will leverage the large effort by the air-sea interaction community in producing high quality field measurements. A consistent data set of global and regional gas transfer velocity will be produced, that will be used to develop a unified parameterization for the transfer of any gas, and which will be made available to the ocean and climate community, to be used in coupled wave-ocean-atmosphere and climate models. This should significantly reduce the uncertainties of air-sea gas exchange at moderate to high wind speeds in biogeochemical cycles.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目旨在建立一个比目前使用的经验关系更准确的海气通量的机制公式。它将开发和测试一种新的参数化方法，该方法可以充分考虑海况、风和关键的物理化学变量（如扩散率、溶解度和温度）对气泡介导的气体交换的影响。这是新颖的，因为它跨越了与气体传输问题相关的所有尺度，从气泡尺度到海洋表面的波浪统计。通量将在所有气体种类的统一框架内，通过依赖于海况的气体传递速度进行建模。已知影响气泡介导气体传递的关键变量的影响，如气泡大小分布，气泡停留时间，其对盐度，粘度和温度的依赖，以及不同气体的扩散率和溶解度的影响，直接纳入配方中。为了更好地预测二氧化碳、氧气或二甲基硫化物相关的全球生物地球化学循环，有必要更好地了解和改进气体传递的参数化。了解波场如何调节这些与气候有关的气体的通量将导致气候和天气模式和预报的总体改进。由于二氧化碳的增加导致海洋酸化，影响贝壳形成的海洋动物，而氧气的限制具有广泛的生态效应，因此改进这些气体交换的参数化可以帮助解释现有的观测结果，并可能提高我们对当地过程及其对生态系统影响的理解。说明海况依赖性的一般框架不限于气体转移，也可以推广到其他类型的通量。该项目将使普林斯顿大学的本科生和研究生接触到这些关键的环境挑战，这些挑战需要研究基本的多相流，并通过研讨会和教学活动促进开源方法的使用。本研究提出了一个一般性的理论框架，以解释破波和夹带空气这一两相湍流过程的复杂性，以及该过程所涉及的非常大的尺度范围，从km数量级的波浪统计尺度O（1km）到破波动力学尺度O（1-10m）、夹带空气、气泡产生和溶解O（cm至m）。利用波浪建模的最新进展，将使用最先进的波浪模型直接计算破裂统计，这将有助于在高时空分辨率下研究全波复杂性对气体通量的作用。气泡对海气交换的贡献将在区域和全球范围内对二氧化碳和二甲基硫化物等各种气体进行评估，通过考虑气泡的不对称贡献，该公式将扩展到氧气等低溶解度气体。将确定捕捉波场和相关风暴对表示现场观测至关重要的地区和季节。将这种建模方法与近期和历史数据集进行系统比较，将利用海气相互作用社区的巨大努力，产生高质量的现场测量结果。将编制一套关于全球和区域气体传输速度的一致数据集，用于制定任何气体传输的统一参数化，并将提供给海洋和气候界，用于波浪-海洋-大气和气候耦合模式。这将显著降低生物地球化学循环中高风速下海气交换的不确定性。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Breaking wave field statistics with a multi-layer model

多层模型的破碎波场统计

• DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2023.522
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Fluid Mechanics
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Wu, Jiarong;Popinet, Stéphane;Deike, Luc
• 通讯作者: Deike, Luc

Direct numerical simulations of bubble-mediated gas transfer and dissolution in quiescent and turbulent flows

静态和湍流中气泡介导的气体传递和溶解的直接数值模拟

• DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2022.994
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Fluid Mechanics
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Farsoiya, Palas Kumar;Magdelaine, Quentin;Antkowiak, Arnaud;Popinet, Stéphane;Deike, Luc
• 通讯作者: Deike, Luc

A Mechanistic Sea Spray Generation Function Based on the Sea State and the Physics of Bubble Bursting

• DOI: 10.1029/2022av000750
• 发表时间: 2022-12-01
• 期刊: AGU ADVANCES
• 影响因子: 8.4
• 作者: Deike, L.;Reichl, B. G.;Paulot, F.
• 通讯作者: Paulot, F.

Modulation of Bubble‐Mediated CO 2 Gas Transfer Due To Wave‐Current Interactions

气泡的调节——由于波——电流相互作用而介导的CO 2 气体转移

• DOI: 10.1029/2022gl100017
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Shin, Youngmi;Deike, Luc;Romero, Leonel
• 通讯作者: Romero, Leonel

Three‐Dimensional Measurements of Air Entrainment and Enhanced Bubble Transport During Wave Breaking

波浪破碎过程中空气夹带和增强气泡传输的三维测量

• DOI: 10.1029/2022gl099436
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Ruth, Daniel J.;Néel, Baptiste;Erinin, Martin A.;Mazzatenta, Megan;Jaquette, Robert;Veron, Fabrice;Deike, Luc
• 通讯作者: Deike, Luc