NSF-BSF: Willingness to Vaccinate Against COVID-19: Psychological Mechanisms and Ways to Increase Responsiveness

NSF-BSF：接种 COVID-19 疫苗的意愿：心理机制和提高反应能力的方法

• 批准号: 2149450
• 负责人: Paul Slovic
• 金额: $ 27万
• 依托单位: Decision Science Research Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-03-15 至 2024-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2149450&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSF; BSF; Willingness; Vaccinate; Against

The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed the lives of over 4 million people worldwide, and over 190 million people have been affected in varying degrees of severity. The vaccine against the coronavirus has dramatically reduced the number of infected people, saving the lives of millions. However, although the vaccine has been proved to be highly effective, and its safety profile is satisfactory, in most countries there is still a relatively large percentage of people who are opposed, who endanger the entire population in their country as well as worldwide. Since COVID-19 continues to pose a threat to humans, it is essential to understand what causes this resistance and to find ways to increase vaccination rates. This research relies on previous works on terror management theory, as well as on insights from recent work on people's willingness to donate organs after death, to suggest psychological mechanisms that may explain people’s resistance to the vaccine, and to offer effective interventions to increase vaccination rates.Given the necessity of getting more people vaccinated, understanding the reasons behind peoples’ negative attitudes towards Covid vaccines and their reluctance to be vaccinated is of great importance. This research analyzes the multiple factors that may influence people’s attitudes toward the coronavirus and their decisions to be vaccinated against COVID-19 or not. The study entails 11 experiments reflecting two research directions: The first (Part I) examines the influence of different descriptions of COVID-19 on people’s attitudes and willingness to be vaccinated. Manipulations to increase thoughts of life saving (rather than death) may override defense mechanisms that might create negative attitudes toward the vaccine, thus increasing willingness to vaccinate. Additional studies manipulate the status quo (making the decision not to vaccinate a deviation from the default) and examine the effect on risk perceptions and on increasing willingness to vaccinate. Part II of the studies focus on individual differences in fears and beliefs that are hypothesized to play a major role in people’s decisions about vaccination, including the fear of death, religious beliefs, belief in a just world and belief in tempting fate.This project is being supported by a partnership between the National Science Foundation and the U.S.-Israel Bi-national Science Foundation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

COVID-19大流行宣称全球超过400万人的生命，超过1.9亿人受到不同程度的严重性影响。针对冠状病毒的疫苗大大减少了感染人数，挽救了数百万人的生命。但是，尽管该疫苗已被证明是非常有效的，并且其安全性令人满意，但在大多数国家，反对的人仍然相对较大，他们危害了自己国家和全球的整个人口。由于Covid-19继续对人类构成威胁，因此必须了解是什么引起这种抵抗力，并找到提高疫苗率的方法。这项研究依赖于以前关于恐怖管理理论的著作，以及最近关于人们愿意捐赠器官捐赠的工作的见解，提出了可以解释人们对疫苗的抵抗力的心理机制，并提供有效的干预措施，以增加疫苗的疫苗率，从而提高疫苗的速度。使人们更加识别疫苗的人，使人们更加易于吸收疫苗，从而使人们对其进行疫苗的疫苗接种效果，从而使人们对疫苗的影响有所进取，并且可以使他们造成越来越多的疫苗。这项研究分析了可能影响人们参加冠状病毒的多种因素及其对COVID-19的疫苗接种的决定。这项研究需要11个反映两个研究方向的实验：第一个（第I部分）研究了Covid-19的不同描述对人们出席的影响和愿意接种疫苗的影响。操纵增加对挽救生命的想法（而不是死亡）可能会覆盖可能对疫苗造成负面参与的国防机制，从而增加疫苗接种的意愿。其他研究操纵了现状（决定不接种违约的疫苗），并检查对风险感知的影响以及增加接种疫苗的意愿。研究的第二部分集中于假设在人们对疫苗接种的决定中发挥重要作用的恐惧和信念的个体差异，包括对死亡的恐惧，宗教信仰，相信公正的世界和对诱人命运的信念。该项目得到了国家科学基金会与美国 - 以色列双国科学基金会之间的合作关系。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用该基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，通过评估诚实地表示支持。