Psychological mechanisms behind organ donation decisions

器官捐献决策背后的心理机制

基本信息

批准号：
1559546
负责人：
Paul Slovic
金额：
$ 31.26万
依托单位：
Decision Science Research Institute
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-04-15 至 2021-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1559546&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Psychological mechanisms behind organ donation

项目摘要

Despite the increase in the number of life-saving organ transplants in the last decades, organs recovered from deceased donors are not adequate to meet the increasing demand in most countries. In many cases, the possibility of organ transplantation is prevented because of the objection of the donor's family, especially when the deceased herself did not express her willingness for organ donation (OD) while alive. This project implements a broad and in-depth research program to understand behavioral and psychological mechanisms behind OD decisions. It aims to find ways to increase the percentage of organ donors and the support for policies that may increase ODs. For example, encouraging OD receivers to tell their story in the media (with identifying detail) may increase the support for OD. Likewise, providing statistical information about the average life expectancy may promote realistic thinking about death and may increase willingness to commit to OD. We believe that increasing the number of potential organ donors as well as the public awareness of this issue may help to save the lives of many that are waiting for organ transplants.The planned research addresses three main objectives. (1) To learn about the role of the presentation of OD cases in affecting people's willingness to commit to OD (including the decision to donate the organs of a deceased relative). (2) To examine individual differences in death anxiety (Fear of Personal Death - FPD) and in people's beliefs, to learn about their role in predicting people's decisions regarding OD issues. (3) To manipulate the factors situationally, using priming techniques (i.e., priming thoughts about religious issues, about just vs. unjust world; thoughts of tempting fate; manipulation or increasing the salience of different aspects of the FPD) to examine the influence of such manipulations on people's decisions regarding OD issues. Together, these research directions will help us to better understand the mechanisms behind OD decisions and describe how these decisions differ from other donation decisions.

尽管过去几十年来挽救生命的器官移植数量增加，但从已故捐助者中恢复的器官不足以满足大多数国家 /地区日益增长的需求。在许多情况下，由于捐赠者的家庭反对，尤其是当死者自己没有表达她在活着的时候表达自己的器官捐赠（OD）的意愿时，可以防止器官移植的可能性。该项目实施了广泛而深入的研究计划，以了解OD决策背后的行为和心理机制。它旨在寻找增加器官捐赠者百分比的方法，并支持可能增加OD的政策。例如，鼓励OD接收器在媒体上讲述他们的故事（带有识别细节）可能会增加对OD的支持。同样，提供有关平均预期寿命的统计信息可能会促进对死亡的现实思考，并可能增加承诺OD的意愿。我们认为，增加潜在的器官捐赠者的数量以及公众对这个问题的认识可能有助于挽救许多正在等待器官移植的人的生命。计划的研究解决了三个主要目标。（1）了解OD案件在影响人们承诺OD意愿的作用（包括决定捐赠已故亲戚器官的决定）。（2）检查死亡焦虑（对个人死亡的恐惧 - FPD）和人们的信念的个体差异，以了解他们在预测人们在OD问题上的决定中的作用。（3）使用启动技术（即，对宗教问题的启动思想，关于与不公正世界的启动思想；诱惑命运的思想，操纵或增加FPD各个方面的显着性）来检查这种操纵对人们对OD问题的决定的影响。这些研究方向一起将帮助我们更好地了解OD决策背后的机制，并描述这些决策与其他捐赠决策的不同。