Valuing Lives You Can Save: Understanding and Combatting Value Collapse as Numbers Increase
重视您可以挽救的生命:理解并应对随着数字增加而导致的价值崩溃
基本信息
- 批准号:1227729
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 45万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2012
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2012-09-01 至 2017-08-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
In a rational world, as threats to life increase in scale, potential efforts to protect those lives should increase proportionally. Unfortunately, in many circumstances, the opposite occurs. Compassion and societal concerns decrease rather than increase in the face of larger threats. The studies proposed here aim to examine the psychological underpinnings of this perverse phenomenon and examine its importance for theoretical models of valuation and, more broadly, for the welfare of society. The research uses a web panel to conduct eight studies that, with comoponent substudies, total around sixteen experiments.Prospect theory is arguably the most important descriptive theoretical framework in the field of decision making. According to this theory, valuation of human life follows an ever-increasing function that places greater overall importance on the threat as the number of lives at risk increases. Researchers have found empirical support for this function, but some believe that valuation of lives takes other forms besides that depicted in prospect theory. This research tests the hypothesis that, in some instances, "the more who die, the less we care," a form of valuation that is inconsistent with prospect theory. In some contexts, valuation may follow an inverse-U trajectory, rising with increasing numbers of lives at stake up to a threshold, but then collapsing as the number continues to increase.In addition to this theoretical extension of prospect theory, the research has important practical implications. Devaluation of life in the face of large-scale crises may help us understand failures to respond aggressively to mass threats posed by poverty, disease, famine, natural disasters, violence, and species extinction. We hope, as well, that this understanding will point the way toward better decisions through improved processes of analysis and deliberation and the creation of laws and institutions designed to overcome value collapse.
在一个理性的世界里,随着对生命的威胁规模的增加,保护这些生命的潜在努力应该相应增加。不幸的是,在许多情况下,情况恰恰相反。面对更大的威胁,company和社会的关注减少而不是增加。这里提出的研究旨在研究这种反常现象的心理基础,并研究其重要性的理论模型的价值,更广泛地说,为社会福利。本研究使用网络小组进行了八项研究,包括组成部分的子研究,共约十六个实验。前景理论可以说是决策领域最重要的描述性理论框架。根据这一理论,对人的生命的估价遵循一个不断增加的函数,即随着处于危险中的生命数量的增加,对威胁的总体重视程度也越来越高。研究人员已经找到了支持这一功能的实证证据,但有些人认为,除了前景理论所描述的形式外,对生命的评价还有其他形式。这项研究验证了一个假设,即在某些情况下,“死的人越多,我们越不在乎”,这是一种与前景理论不一致的估值形式。在某些情况下,估值可能遵循一个倒U形轨迹,随着生命数量的增加而上升,但随着数量的继续增加而崩溃。除了前景理论的理论扩展之外,这项研究还具有重要的实践意义。在大规模危机面前对生命的贬低可能有助于我们理解为什么在应对贫困、疾病、饥荒、自然灾害、暴力和物种灭绝等大规模威胁时没有采取积极行动。我们也希望,这种理解将通过改进分析和审议过程以及创建旨在克服价值崩溃的法律和制度,为更好的决策指明方向。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
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专利数量(0)
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Paul Slovic其他文献
Ideological diversity of media consumption predicts COVID-19 vaccination
媒体消费的思想多样性可预测 COVID-19 疫苗接种情况
- DOI:
10.1038/s41598-024-77408-4 - 发表时间:
2024-11-22 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.900
- 作者:
Marrissa D. Grant;David M. Markowitz;David K. Sherman;Alexandra Flores;Stephan Dickert;Kimin Eom;Gabriela M. Jiga-Boy;Tehila Kogut;Marcus Mayorga;David Oonk;Eric J. Pedersen;Beatriz Pereira;Enrico Rubaltelli;Paul Slovic;Daniel V√§stfj√§ll;Leaf Van Boven - 通讯作者:
Leaf Van Boven
The More Who Die, the Less We Care
- DOI:
10.4324/9781849776677-12 - 发表时间:
2010 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Paul Slovic - 通讯作者:
Paul Slovic
An analysis-of-variance model for the assessment of configural cue utilization in clinical judgment.
用于评估临床判断中配置线索利用的方差分析模型。
- DOI:
10.1037/h0025665 - 发表时间:
1968 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:22.4
- 作者:
Paul J. Hoffman;Paul Slovic;L. G. Rorer - 通讯作者:
L. G. Rorer
Public perceptions of electric power transmission lines
- DOI:
10.1016/s0272-4944(88)80021-5 - 发表时间:
1988-03-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Lita Furby;Paul Slovic;Baruch Fischhoff;Robin Gregory - 通讯作者:
Robin Gregory
Paul Slovic的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Paul Slovic', 18)}}的其他基金
NSF-BSF: Willingness to Vaccinate Against COVID-19: Psychological Mechanisms and Ways to Increase Responsiveness
NSF-BSF:接种 COVID-19 疫苗的意愿:心理机制和提高反应能力的方法
- 批准号:
2411613 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 45万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
NSF-BSF: Willingness to Vaccinate Against COVID-19: Psychological Mechanisms and Ways to Increase Responsiveness
NSF-BSF:接种 COVID-19 疫苗的意愿:心理机制和提高反应能力的方法
- 批准号:
2149450 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 45万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Does introspection increase humanitarian concerns in judgment and decision making?
内省是否会增加判断和决策中的人道主义关注?
- 批准号:
1757315 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 45万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Psychological mechanisms behind organ donation decisions
器官捐献决策背后的心理机制
- 批准号:
1559546 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 45万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Understanding Decisions About Foreign Policy Interventions to Save Lives
了解有关拯救生命的外交政策干预的决定
- 批准号:
1440074 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 45万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
The Arithmetic of Compassion: Confronting the Challenge of Pseudoinefficacy in Charitable Giving
同情心的算术:面对慈善捐赠中的伪无效的挑战
- 批准号:
1427414 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 45万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
The Singularity Effect of Identifiable Victims
可识别受害者的奇点效应
- 批准号:
1127509 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 45万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
The Life You Can Save: Affective and Deliberative Processes Motivating Charitable Decisions
您可以拯救的生命:推动慈善决策的情感和深思熟虑的过程
- 批准号:
1024808 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 45万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
The Interaction of Affect and Deliberation in Decision Making
决策中情感与深思熟虑的相互作用
- 批准号:
0241313 - 财政年份:2003
- 资助金额:
$ 45万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research in DRMS: Global Climate Change: Risk Perceptions and Behavior
DRMS 博士论文研究:全球气候变化:风险认知和行为
- 批准号:
0221896 - 财政年份:2002
- 资助金额:
$ 45万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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