EAGER: CRYO: Continuous Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigeration Below 1K without Helium-3

EAGER：CRYO：连续绝热退磁制冷低于 1K，无需 Helium-3

• 批准号: 2232489
• 负责人: Jian Huang
• 金额: $ 29.97万
• 依托单位: Wayne State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2232489&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; CRYO; Continuous; Adiabatic; Demagnetization

This Early-concept Grant for Exploratory Research (EAGER) supports research establishing new technologies related to low-temperature refrigeration needed for the development of quantum-based systems, such as computers, thus promoting both the progress of science and advancing national prosperity and security. Important scientific advancements in areas such as quantum information technology rely on operation at temperatures below one Kelvin temperatures. Magnetically based cooling could be an alternative approach to the present technology. Present approaches to magnetic cooling do not support a continuous operation which is a major hindrance toward commercialization. This project researches a continuous refrigeration method by constructing a magnet in the form of a fluid and achieving continuous cooling by circulating the magnetic refrigerant within closed-loop cycles. The key concept combines low-temperature physics and nanomaterial science, potentially opening new interdisciplinary capabilities and collaboration venues for diverse cutting-edge exploration in physics, chemistry, material science, and medical science and bridging the gap to industry. Therefore, it is strategically important for maintaining U.S. leadership. The new materials to be developed are clean and environment-friendly, meeting the green standard to improve the social and economic qualities of lives. This project will train participants, especially students of diverse backgrounds, to achieve research and educational goals, and to be prepared for future innovations.Adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration is a viable approach to reaching temperatures below one Kelvin without using helium-3. However, the current method with solid paramagnetic materials not only restricts the operation to a single shot cooling but also limits the base temperature to the level of the magnetic exchange interaction. This project aims to achieve continuous adiabatic demagnetization cooling capable of reaching lower temperatures by adopting a noninteracting paramagnetic fluid refrigerant. The research work seeks to realize a fluid paramagnet through studying mixtures of hollow paramagnetic nanoparticles of various surface-to-volume ratios with a helium-4 superfluid and achieve a floating condition. Experiments will be carried out to characterize the magnetization and demagnetization effects for various nanoparticle densities in circulation by detecting the local magnetic flux as a function of the circulation rates. The goal is to correlate the magnetization/demagnetization efficiency in real-time with the cooling power, thus optimizing the cooling effect and achieving precise temperature control.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项探索性研究（急切）的早期概念赠款支持研究建立与开发基于量子的系统（例如计算机）所需的低温制冷有关的新技术，从而促进了科学的进步和前进的国家繁荣和安全。量子信息技术等领域的重要科学进步依赖于低于一个开尔文温度的温度下的操作。基于磁性的冷却可能是目前技术的另一种方法。当前的磁冷却方法不支持连续的操作，这是对商业化的主要障碍。该项目通过以流体的形式构造磁铁并通过在闭环周期内循环磁制冷剂来研究连续的制冷方法。关键概念结合了低温物理学和纳米材料科学，有可能为物理，化学，材料科学和医学方面的各种尖端探索的新跨学科能力和协作场所开放，并弥补了差距到工业。因此，这对于维持美国领导力在战略上很重要。要开发的新材料是干净且环境友好的，符合绿色标准，以改善生活的社会和经济质量。该项目将培训参与者，尤其是具有不同背景的学生，以实现研究和教育目标，并为将来的创新做好准备。无绝热的消除消灭制冷是一种可行的方法，可在不使用氦3的情况下达到一个低于一个开kelvin的温度。但是，使用固体顺磁性材料的当前方法不仅将操作限制为单个射击冷却，而且还将基本温度限制为磁交换相互作用的水平。该项目旨在实现连续的绝热消灭冷却冷却，能够通过采用非相互作用的顺磁性流体制冷剂来达到较低的温度。研究工作试图通过研究具有氦-4超级流体的各种地表与体积比的空心顺磁性纳米颗粒的混合物，并实现浮动条件。将进行实验，以表征通过检测局部磁通量作为循环速率的函数，以表征各种纳米颗粒密度的磁化和去电磁作用。目的是将实时的磁化/电磁效率与冷却能力相关联，从而优化冷却效果并实现精确的温度控制。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛影响的审查标准来通过评估来获得支持的。