Neural processes of social interaction in people with genetic and environmental risk factors for schizophrenia

人际协作、观点采择(心智理论)和同理心取决于与交往伙伴的社会/文化认同。将社会分类为内部群体(IG)和外部群体(OG)，结果是IG的升值和OG的同时贬值有可能在社会层面上发生冲突，并构成精神分裂症的潜在环境风险因素(UR)。社会分类对互动过程中的行为起中介作用。精神分裂症的神经过程以及这些环境因素与遗传风险(GR)的相互作用尚未被探索。我们将研究环境(移民状态)和遗传危险因素(精神分裂症患者的亲属)对神经镜像神经元和心理理论(TOM)网络的影响。将模拟现有种族群体(德国人与来自土耳其的移民)与虚拟群体(根据最小群体范例：MGP分类)之间的社会互动，分别具有高(GR+)和低遗传风险(GR-)。因此，我们打算系统地操纵两个主题间因素：遗传风险(GR+/GR-)和种族(UR+/UR-)和两个主题内因素：MGP-交互伙伴的操纵(MGP-IG，MGP-OG)和交互伙伴的种族(种族-IG，种族-OG)。这些实验操作的神经关联将通过功能磁共振成像(FMRI)在镜像神经元和TOM系统中检测到。我们预计，如果互动伙伴的认同度高(MPG-IG)，他/她属于同一种族(种族-IG)，遗传风险低(GR-)，特定群体表现出更强的同理心和洞察力。这将反映在行为数据以及神经水平上，反映在TOM和镜像神经元网络区域的激活增加。假设有遗传风险的受试者在TOM和镜像神经元网络(GR+)中的激活减少

Interpersonal collaboration, perspective taking (theory of mind) and empathy depends on the social/cultural identification with the interaction partner. Social categorization into ingoup (IG) and outgroup (OG), the resulting appreciation of the IG and the simultaneous devaluation of the OG has the potential for conflict at the societal level and constitutes a potential environmental risk factor (UR) for schizophrenia. Social categorization mediates behaviour during interaction. The neural processes and the interaction of these environmental factors with genetic risk (GR) for schizophrenia has not yet been explored.The influence of environmental (immigration status) and genetic risk factors (relatives of patients with schizophrenia) for schizophrenia on neural mirror neuron and Theory of Mind (ToM) networks will be investigated. Social interactions will be simulated between existing ethnic groups (germans vs. immigrants from Turkey) compared to fictitious groups (classified according to the minimal group paradigm: MGP), with high (GR +) and low genetic risk GR-), respectively. Thus, we intent to manipulate systematically two between-subject factors: genetic risk (GR + / GR-) and ethnicity (UR + / UR-) and two within-subject factors: MGP-manipulation of interaction partners (MGP-IG, MGP-OG) and ethnicity of the interaction partner (ethnicity-IG, ethnicity-OG). The neural correlates of these experimental manipulations are to be detected in the mirror neuron and ToM systems using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).We expect that the specific groups show enhanced empathy and perspective taking if the identification of the interaction partners is high (MPG-IG), he/she belongs to the same ethnic group (ethnicity-IG) and genetic risk is low (GR-). This will be reflected in the behavioural data as well as on neural level in increased activation in regions of the ToM and mirror neuron networks. It is hypothesised that subjects with genetic risk have reduced activation in ToM and mirror neuron networks (GR +