Neural processes of social interaction in people with genetic and environmental risk factors for schizophrenia

人际协作、观点采纳（心理理论）和共情取决于与互动伙伴的社会/文化认同。社会分类分为内群体（IG）和外群体（OG），由此产生的外群体的升值和外群体的同时贬值在社会层面上有潜在的冲突，并构成精神分裂症的潜在环境风险因素（UR）。社会分类调节互动过程中的行为。神经过程和这些环境因素与精神分裂症遗传风险（GR）的相互作用尚未被探索。环境因素（移民身份）和遗传因素（精神分裂症患者亲属）对神经镜像神经元和心理理论（ToM）网络的影响将被研究。将模拟现有种族群体（德国人与土耳其移民）与虚拟群体（根据最小群体范式：MGP分类）之间的社会互动，分别具有高（GR +）和低遗传风险GR-)。因此，我们打算系统地操纵两个受试者之间的因素：遗传风险（GR + / GR-）和种族（UR + / UR-），以及两个受试者内部的因素：相互作用伴侣的mgp操纵（MGP-IG, MGP-OG）和相互作用伴侣的种族（族裔- ig，族裔- og）。这些实验操作的神经相关性将在镜像神经元和ToM系统中使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）进行检测。我们预计，如果互动伙伴的识别度高（MPG-IG），他/她属于同一族群（族裔- ig），遗传风险低（GR-），特定群体表现出增强的共情和观点采取。这将反映在行为数据以及神经水平上，ToM和镜像神经元网络区域的激活增加。据推测，具有遗传风险的受试者的ToM和镜像神经元网络（GR +）的激活程度降低

Interpersonal collaboration, perspective taking (theory of mind) and empathy depends on the social/cultural identification with the interaction partner. Social categorization into ingoup (IG) and outgroup (OG), the resulting appreciation of the IG and the simultaneous devaluation of the OG has the potential for conflict at the societal level and constitutes a potential environmental risk factor (UR) for schizophrenia. Social categorization mediates behaviour during interaction. The neural processes and the interaction of these environmental factors with genetic risk (GR) for schizophrenia has not yet been explored.The influence of environmental (immigration status) and genetic risk factors (relatives of patients with schizophrenia) for schizophrenia on neural mirror neuron and Theory of Mind (ToM) networks will be investigated. Social interactions will be simulated between existing ethnic groups (germans vs. immigrants from Turkey) compared to fictitious groups (classified according to the minimal group paradigm: MGP), with high (GR +) and low genetic risk GR-), respectively. Thus, we intent to manipulate systematically two between-subject factors: genetic risk (GR + / GR-) and ethnicity (UR + / UR-) and two within-subject factors: MGP-manipulation of interaction partners (MGP-IG, MGP-OG) and ethnicity of the interaction partner (ethnicity-IG, ethnicity-OG). The neural correlates of these experimental manipulations are to be detected in the mirror neuron and ToM systems using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).We expect that the specific groups show enhanced empathy and perspective taking if the identification of the interaction partners is high (MPG-IG), he/she belongs to the same ethnic group (ethnicity-IG) and genetic risk is low (GR-). This will be reflected in the behavioural data as well as on neural level in increased activation in regions of the ToM and mirror neuron networks. It is hypothesised that subjects with genetic risk have reduced activation in ToM and mirror neuron networks (GR +