Neural sensitivity to social feedback following adversity: Implications for adolescent mental health

项目总结/摘要 暴露于童年早期逆境与一系列负面健康结果有关，包括 在整个生命周期中增加精神病理学的风险。特别是那些暴露在环境中的人， 威胁（例如，来自照顾者的虐待、社区暴力）患精神健康障碍的风险增加， 特别是抑郁症，随着年轻人向青春期过渡，这种情况变得更加普遍。理论和研究 我试图通过确定机制来解释青年暴露在逆境中的结果的可变性 将早期威胁暴露与后期功能联系起来当代著名的逆境模型表明， 早期暴露于威胁性环境会使涉及情绪的神经和心理系统敏感化 处理和压力反应的方式，促进适应，同时也增加了风险， 情绪过度反应和精神病理学然而，迄今为止，大多数研究都集中在 对情绪线索的敏感性与精神病理学风险之间的联系，忽略了对情绪线索的敏感性 环境，特别是社会环境，在青春期变得更加突出， 支持面临威胁的青少年适应环境。此外，迄今为止的研究已经检查了并发 神经激活和精神病理学之间的联系，忽略了大脑整合的作用 网络和协会的发展轨迹随着时间的推移。该研究将提供 逆境研究，神经网络建模和纵向统计分析，同时检查 早期威胁暴露对神经对社会情绪信息的敏感性的影响以及随后的 青少年的心理社会结果。本研究的主要目的有两个：（1）探讨童年是否 威胁暴露预示着对消极和积极的社会线索的神经和行为敏感度的提高; (2)探索这种高度的敏感性如何与同龄人的经验相互作用，以预测抑郁症的变化 和社会情感健康的关系。这些目标将在一项大型纵向研究中得到解决， 青少年（预期n = 275）将完成自我报告测量和社会反馈功能 磁共振成像任务。支持这项研究的资源包括获得这一丰富的样本， 神经成像和行为评估设施，以及具有逆境专业知识的指导团队 科学和发育神经科学。该项目的研究结果将丰富关于青年如何 发展以下威胁暴露，并确定可以利用的优势，以防止精神病理学， 支持面临逆境的青少年的福祉。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Exposure to early childhood adversity is associated with a range of negative health outcomes including increased risk of psychopathology across the lifespan. In particular, those who are exposed to environmental threat (e.g., abuse from caregivers, community violence) are at elevated risk for mental health disorders, particularly depression, that become more prevalent as youth transition to adolescence. Theory and research have tried to account for the variability in outcomes of youth exposed to adversity by identifying mechanisms linking early threat exposure to later functioning. Prominent contemporary models of adversity suggest that exposure to threatening early environments sensitizes neural and psychological systems involved in emotion processing and stress responsivity in ways that promote adaptation while also increasing risk for later emotional hyper-reactivity and psychopathology. However, the majority of research to date has focused on links between sensitivity to emotional cues and risk for psychopathology, neglecting the ways that sensitivity to the environment – particularly the social environment, which becomes more salient during adolescence – may support adaptation among threat-exposed adolescents. Further, research to date has examined concurrent associations between neural activation and psychopathology, neglecting the role of integration across brain networks and associations with trajectories of development over time. The proposed research will provide training in adversity research, neural network modeling, and longitudinal statistical analysis while examining the effect of early threat exposure on neural sensitivity to social-emotional information and subsequent psychosocial outcomes in adolescents. Two main aims guide this research: (1) exploring whether childhood threat exposure predicts heightened neural and behavioral sensitivity to negative and positive social cues; and (2) exploring how this heightened sensitivity interacts with peer experiences to predict changes in depression and social-emotional wellbeing over time. These aims will be addressed in a large longitudinal study of adolescents (expected n = 275) who will complete self-report measures and a social feedback functional magnetic resonance imaging task. Resources that will support this research include access to this rich sample, facilities for neuroimaging and behavioral assessment, and a mentorship team with expertise in adversity science and developmental neuroscience. Findings from this project will enrich theory regarding how youth develop following threat exposure and identify strengths that can be leveraged to prevent psychopathology and support wellbeing among adversity-exposed adolescents.