Modes and ways of cultural interaction of the nomads of Asian Sarmatia. imported objects in Sarmatian contexts dating from the 2nd century BC to the 3rd century AD

由M.Treister和B.A.Raev领导的德国-俄罗斯项目在DFG和RGNF之间的协议框架内，目的是系统地展示进口物品，作为亚洲萨尔马提亚墓葬背景的一部分。古代术语亚洲萨尔马提亚包括从顿河河口到乌拉尔山脉和哈萨克斯坦西部草原的领土。在公元前2世纪至公元3世纪期间，居住在该地区的游牧民族被古代作者称为萨尔马提亚人，他们与晚期希腊化王国、罗马帝国、北黑海地区的波斯波兰王国以及汉代的帕提亚帝国、中亚和中国有过接触。从160多个墓葬建筑群中发现的物品，包括不同来源的物品，构成了萨尔马提亚人物质文化的重要组成部分，这使得这一结论成为可能。然而，本研究的目的不仅是按年代和编年史调查这些文物，并找出它们的来源，还确定它们的选择和使用方法，以及它们的仿制品的创作。该项目更侧重于从亚洲萨尔马提亚游牧民族与上述邻国以及丝绸之路和毛皮之路沿线的互动形式和方式的角度来分析物体的起源。贸易、礼品和战时掠夺被证明属于侵占异物的形式和方式。这些过程在空间和时间上的变化将通过系统地绘制这些项目的分布图来追踪，并将证明与书面资料所报告的历史变化的可能相关性。这一项目的做法的特点是，它不会像往常那样，集中于一种物质类型、所调查领土的一个区域或物体的一个原产区，如罗马帝国。重点是重建萨尔马提亚人群体相互作用的复杂网络。这项任务不能由这两位学者单独解决，只能与一个国际团队合作，将自然科学、历史和考古学的专业知识带入该项目，并将结果汇总在一本两卷本的专著中，既有俄文版，也有德文版。基于M.Treister和B.A.Raev的广泛准备工作，这些文物首先应该在现代学者层面上被记录在目录中，包括对其背景的彻底档案研究，然后由专家小组针对不同的材料和地区进行分析和讨论。为此目的，还计划在一个国际讲习班的框架内讨论并同时首先公布这些分析的结果，从而在当前紧张的局势下促进科学交流。

The German-Russian project in frames of the Agreement between the DFG and RGNF headed by M. Treister and B.A. Raev has the aim to present systematically the imported objects as part of the burial contexts from the Asian Sarmatia. The ancient term Asian Sarmatia includes a territory from the estuary of the Don River to the Urals and the steppes of West Kazakhstan. In the period from the 2nd century BC to the 3rd century AD the nomads living in this territory, who were called Sarmatians by the ancient authors, had contacts with the late Hellenistic Kingdoms, with Imperium Romanum, with the Bosporan Kingdom in the North Black Sea area, and also with the Parthian Empire, the Central Asia and China of the Han-Dynasty. The finds from more than 160 burial complexes, which include the objects of various provenances, building an important part of the material culture of the Sarmatians, allow this conclusion. However, the aim of the present study is not only to investigate these artefacts chronologically, chorologically and to find out their origin as well to identify the means of their selection and use, as well as the creation of their imitations. The project is rather focused on the analysis of the origin of objects from the standpoint of the forms and ways of interaction of the nomads of the Asian Sarmatia with the above mentioned neighboring states as well as along the Silk Road and the Fur-Route. Trade and gifts together with plunder in wartime are proven to belong to the forms and ways of appropriation of foreign objects. The changes in these processes in space and time will be traced through systematic mapping of the distribution of these items and the possible correlations with historical changes reported by the written sources will be proved. The peculiarity of the approach of this project is that it will not, as was usually the case, concentrate on one material type, one region of the investigated territory or one area of origin of the objects, such as the Roman Empire. The point is to reconstruct the complex networks of interaction of the Sarmatian groups. This task cannot be solved by the two scholars alone, but only with an international team, bringing the expertise of natural sciences, history and archaeology in the project with the results summing in a two-volume monograph, both in Russian and in German version. Basing on the extensive preparatory works by M. Treister and B.A. Raev the objects should be first of all documented on the modern scholar level in a catalogue including the thorough archive study of their contexts, and afterwards analyzed and discussed by the group of specialists for the different materials and regions. For this purpose it is also planned to discuss and at the same time to make first public the results of these analyses in frames of an international workshop which will thus promote the scientific exchange in the current tense situation.