Modes and ways of cultural interaction of the nomads of Asian Sarmatia. imported objects in Sarmatian contexts dating from the 2nd century BC to the 3rd century AD

由 M. Treister 和 B.A. 领导的 DFG 和 RGNF 协议框架内的德俄项目拉伊夫的目标是系统地展示来自亚洲萨尔马提亚的进口物品，作为墓葬环境的一部分。古代的“亚洲萨尔马提亚”一词包括从顿河河口到乌拉尔山脉和西哈萨克斯坦草原的领土。公元前2世纪至公元3世纪，生活在这片土地上的游牧民族，被古代作家称为萨尔马提亚人，与晚期希腊化王国、罗马帝国、北黑海地区的博斯普鲁斯王国，以及安息帝国、中亚和汉朝的中国都有交往。 160 多个墓葬群中的出土文物，包括来自不同来源的物品，构建了萨尔马提亚物质文化的重要组成部分，证实了这一结论。然而，本研究的目的不仅是按时间顺序、年代顺序研究这些文物，找出它们的起源，还要确定它们的选择和使用方式，以及它们的仿制品的创作。该项目更侧重于从亚洲萨尔马提亚游牧民族与上述邻国以及丝绸之路和毛皮路线沿线互动的形式和方式的角度分析物体的起源。贸易、馈赠以及战时的掠夺被证明属于侵占异物的形式和方式。这些过程在空间和时间上的变化将通过系统地绘制这些项目的分布来追踪，并证明与书面来源报告的历史变化可能存在的相关性。该项目方法的独特之处在于，它不会像通常的情况那样，集中于一种材料类型、所调查领土的一个地区或物体起源的一个地区，例如罗马帝国。重点是重建萨尔马提亚群体相互作用的复杂网络。这项任务无法由两位学者单独完成，而只能通过一个国际团队来解决，该团队将自然科学、历史学和考古学的专业知识带入该项目，并将结果总结成两卷本的专着，有俄文版和德文版。基于 M. Treister 和 B.A. 的广泛准备工作。 Raev 认为，这些物品首先应该在现代学术水平上记录在目录中，包括对其背景进行彻底的档案研究，然后由专家组针对不同的材料和地区进行分析和讨论。为此，还计划在国际研讨会的框架内讨论并同时首次公开这些分析结果，从而促进当前紧张局势下的科学交流。

The German-Russian project in frames of the Agreement between the DFG and RGNF headed by M. Treister and B.A. Raev has the aim to present systematically the imported objects as part of the burial contexts from the Asian Sarmatia. The ancient term Asian Sarmatia includes a territory from the estuary of the Don River to the Urals and the steppes of West Kazakhstan. In the period from the 2nd century BC to the 3rd century AD the nomads living in this territory, who were called Sarmatians by the ancient authors, had contacts with the late Hellenistic Kingdoms, with Imperium Romanum, with the Bosporan Kingdom in the North Black Sea area, and also with the Parthian Empire, the Central Asia and China of the Han-Dynasty. The finds from more than 160 burial complexes, which include the objects of various provenances, building an important part of the material culture of the Sarmatians, allow this conclusion. However, the aim of the present study is not only to investigate these artefacts chronologically, chorologically and to find out their origin as well to identify the means of their selection and use, as well as the creation of their imitations. The project is rather focused on the analysis of the origin of objects from the standpoint of the forms and ways of interaction of the nomads of the Asian Sarmatia with the above mentioned neighboring states as well as along the Silk Road and the Fur-Route. Trade and gifts together with plunder in wartime are proven to belong to the forms and ways of appropriation of foreign objects. The changes in these processes in space and time will be traced through systematic mapping of the distribution of these items and the possible correlations with historical changes reported by the written sources will be proved. The peculiarity of the approach of this project is that it will not, as was usually the case, concentrate on one material type, one region of the investigated territory or one area of origin of the objects, such as the Roman Empire. The point is to reconstruct the complex networks of interaction of the Sarmatian groups. This task cannot be solved by the two scholars alone, but only with an international team, bringing the expertise of natural sciences, history and archaeology in the project with the results summing in a two-volume monograph, both in Russian and in German version. Basing on the extensive preparatory works by M. Treister and B.A. Raev the objects should be first of all documented on the modern scholar level in a catalogue including the thorough archive study of their contexts, and afterwards analyzed and discussed by the group of specialists for the different materials and regions. For this purpose it is also planned to discuss and at the same time to make first public the results of these analyses in frames of an international workshop which will thus promote the scientific exchange in the current tense situation.