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God or the Divine? Human Relationship to Transcendence. Systematic reflection of present religious transformation processes.

神还是神？

基本信息

批准号：
275624326
负责人：
Professor Dr. Bernhard Nitsche
金额：
--
依托单位：
Seminar für Religionspädagogik, Katechetik und Didaktik
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/275624326?language=en
关键词：
God Divine Human Relationship Transcendence.

项目摘要

For some time now, religious sociology has described a crisis of traditional monotheism of the Jewish-Christian and the European-philosophical tradition. A decisive objective of this research project is to illuminate the reasons for this crisis and the change regarding religious attitudes of human beings in the light of social transformation processes. On that account economic control logics are also considered. In view of a fluid, fragile and fragmentary identity construction of modern self-empowered subjects and a far-reaching blending and flattening of religious codes in the field of popularized religion, classical clear differentiations (theism versus deism, pantheism), taken in isolation, are losing their analytical power. Thus the same which is indispensable for empirical enquiry can be demonstrated for the systematic theological discussion. A modified differentiated typology is required for the analysis of structural patterns and religious forms in order to be able to not only clarify the content-related (religious) overlap analytically and sociographically in rather vague hints and in the sense of an open systematic thinking, but also to process them theologically for adequate judgments. Against this background the central hypothesis is developed and tested according to which religios phenomena are characterized as (a) nature-related-cosmological, (b) anthropological-subject-centered, (c) anthropological-socially-oriented and d) mystic-apophatic approaches to transcendence. These approaches have to be backed up religio-philosophically and in a second step can be combined with developmental-psychological forms of relationship which can be termed (a) heteronomous-dependent, (b) mutually-intervening, (c) narcissistic-self-affirming, (d) autonomous-emancipative, (e) homonomous and corresponding to the subject, (f) aprioristic-presubjective. Thus a differentiated model is developed in order to be able to appropriately perceive notions of transcendence of traditional religions and individual compositions and to analyze them systematically. Thereby simple, excluding alternatives of theism and pantheism or personality and impersonality become fluent. In view of religious self-exploration and existing studies, the heuristic opportunities of this hypothesis are exemplarily validated. A theological assessment which is alert to problems will ask for immanent reasons which make the developmental processes of reflexive modernity comprehensible out of the implications of Christian self-understanding. The new typology which correlates religious modes of relationship to transcendence to developmental-psychological categories opens up new plausibilities and modified capabilities to connect it to patchwork-like, popularized spiritualities of the present.

一段时间以来，宗教社会学描述了犹太-基督教和欧洲哲学传统的传统一神论的危机。这一研究项目的一个决定性目标是阐明这一危机的原因以及社会变革进程中人类宗教态度的变化。在该帐户的经济控制逻辑也被认为是。鉴于现代自我赋权主体的身份建构是流动的、脆弱的和支离破碎的，以及在大众化宗教领域宗教规范的广泛融合和扁平化，古典的明确区分（有神论与自然神论、泛神论）孤立地看待，正在失去其分析能力。因此，同样这是不可缺少的经验调查可以证明为系统的神学讨论。在分析结构模式和宗教形式时，需要一种经过修改的差异化类型学，以便不仅能够在相当模糊的暗示中，在开放的系统思维的意义上，通过分析和社会学来澄清与内容相关的（宗教）重叠，而且还能够从神学的角度对它们进行处理，以便做出充分的判断。在此背景下，中心假设的发展和测试，根据宗教现象的特点是（a）自然相关的宇宙，（B）人类学的主题为中心，（c）人类学的社会为导向和d）神秘主义的超越方法。这些方法必须得到宗教哲学上的支持，第二步可以与发展心理学形式的关系相结合，这些关系可以称为（a）他律依赖，（B）相互干预，（C）自恋-自我肯定，（d）自主-解放，（e）同调且与主体相对应，（f）先验-前主观。因此，一个有区别的模型是为了能够适当地感知传统宗教和个人组成的超越概念，并系统地分析它们。从而简单，排除有神论和泛神论或人格和非人格的替代品变得流畅。结合宗教自我探索和已有研究，对这一假说的启发性机会进行了例证性验证。一个对问题保持警觉的神学评估，会寻求内在的原因，使反思性现代性的发展过程可以从基督教自我理解的含义中理解。这种新的类型学将宗教关系模式与超越性和发展心理学范畴联系起来，开辟了新的知识和修改能力，将其与现在拼凑起来的流行精神联系起来。