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Threshold Public Goods

门槛公共物品

基本信息

批准号：
277734396
负责人：
Professor Dr. Friedel Bolle (†)
金额：
--
依托单位：
Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/277734396?language=en
关键词：
Threshold Public Goods

项目摘要

Public goods which are produced only if a minimum amount of support (critical mass) is provided for its production are called "threshold public goods". If the voluntary supporters can provide only nothing or a fixed amount of their resource, we call these goods Binary Threshold Public Goods (BTPGs). Examples are the - Participation in common holidays, social projects, strikes- Ratification of the Kyoto protocol with fixed reduction commitments- Support of proposals in parliaments or owner assemblies- Signing a public request"Contributing" can be accompanied by positive or negative (opportunity) costs. These can be psychic costs, for example if a member of parliament votes against his own credo, because supporting his party promotes his career, or costs can consist of time and money as, for example, participating in a school project concerning one’s children. Of course, the production of the BTPG is preceeded by a pre-play phase where the public good is specified and discussed with respect to means and ends. This phase will be commented but it is not part of the theoretical and experimental investigations.In our project, we want to gain theoretical insights based on a rather general model. Hypotheses for our experimental investigations should be guided by theory.Concerning our request for extension of the original project:Our main goals have not changed. We want to complete our results and test a theoretical statement which we did not know at the time of the original application.- Theory: BTPGs have a plethora of equilibria. For heuristic/plausible as well as for systematic equilibrium selection the attributes of these equilibria are crucial. Further investigations are necessary.- Theory/behavior: Theoretically, the efficiency of simultaneous and sequential voting is completely different. Until the end of the project we will have completed experiments with simultaneous voting, in the extension phase we want to conduct experiments with sequential voting.- We have unused data from personality tests and elicitations of emotions. The usage of these data requires extensive discussions not only about meaning and connection with decisions, but also about statistical methods. (In our previous project "Power and Responsibility" the usage of these data was connected with additional insights and publications.)

只有在提供最低限度支持（临界质量）的情况下才能生产的公共产品称为“门槛公共产品”。如果自愿支持者只能提供固定数量的资源或什么也不能提供，我们称这些物品为二元阈值公共物品（BTPGs）。例如——参加公共假期、社会项目、罢工——批准带有固定减排承诺的《京都议定书》——在议会或业主大会上支持提案——签署一份公开请求“贡献”可能伴随着积极或消极的（机会）成本。这些成本可以是精神成本，例如，如果一名议员投票反对自己的信条，因为支持他的政党会促进他的事业，或者成本可以包括时间和金钱，例如，参加一个与孩子有关的学校项目。当然，在BTPG的产生之前，有一个前期阶段，在这个阶段，公共利益被指定并讨论了关于手段和目的的问题。这一阶段将被评论，但它不是理论和实验研究的一部分。在我们的项目中，我们希望基于一个相当通用的模型获得理论见解。我们的实验研究的假设应该以理论为指导。关于我们对原项目延期的请求：我们的主要目标没有改变。我们想要完成我们的结果，并测试一个我们在最初申请时不知道的理论陈述。-理论：BTPGs有过多的平衡。对于启发式/似是而非的均衡选择以及系统均衡选择，这些均衡的属性是至关重要的。进一步的调查是必要的。-理论/行为：理论上，同时投票和顺序投票的效率是完全不同的。在项目结束之前，我们将完成同步投票的实验，在扩展阶段，我们希望进行顺序投票的实验。-我们从性格测试和情绪激发中获得了未使用的数据。这些数据的使用不仅需要对决策的意义和联系进行广泛的讨论，还需要对统计方法进行广泛的讨论。（在我们之前的项目“权力与责任”中，这些数据的使用与其他见解和出版物联系在一起。）