Characterization of graphene immune-impacts through omics approaches and genotoxic analysis

石墨烯是最有前途、用途广泛、可持续发展的关键使能纳米技术，有望在不久的将来为材料科学和医学领域的许多领域带来解决方案。然而，石墨烯的物理化学性质和反应活性导致其与生物系统潜在的相互作用，引起了人们对人类健康和环境风险的关注。石墨烯对免疫系统的影响评估是未来翻译应用的关键一步，与任何特定目的无关。在任何类型的暴露之后，纳米材料会立即接触机体的免疫细胞。因此，对免疫细胞反应的研究是安全开发石墨烯用于治疗和诊断应用的里程碑。G-免疫组学的总体目标是用免疫基因组学和蛋白质组学数据补充石墨烯安全性的旗舰研究，核心项目没有涵盖这些数据。G-免疫组学将为几种类型的石墨烯的免疫影响提供新的见解，为石墨烯的安全使用和石墨烯技术未来在医学上的转移奠定基础。具体目标是：1.制备具有不同横向尺寸和合适官能化程度的高稳定性和分散性的原始和功能化石墨烯系列材料(GFMS)。采用高通量功能免疫组学和蛋白质组学方法以及基因毒性分析方法研究GFMS对不同细胞系和原代细胞诱导的免疫细胞反应。评估GFMS对四个不同物种的免疫细胞反应：人、鼠、猪和蠕虫。G-免疫组学与旗舰在3个水平上整合-科学。目前正在与旗舰项目的许多合作伙伴进行合作；特别是该项目将与WP2的旗舰目标协同工作。该项目将：1)扩大与各种种群和物种一起调查的免疫细胞类型的范围；2)实施大规模的OMICS研究方法分析(基因组学和蛋白质组学)；3)通过分析新材料对不同生物的遗传毒性影响，参与评估环境影响。-业务。该工作计划建立在与旗舰项目的深入联系基础上，原因是：1)开发WP1和WP10开发的合成协议旗舰项目；2)测试WP2和WP10旗舰项目合作伙伴提供的GFMS；3)使用WP2旗舰项目提供的人类体外和小鼠体内样本进行基因组、蛋白质组和遗传毒性分析。在该项目中获得的成果将在WP会议和大会期间与旗舰合作伙伴分享，以促进在石墨烯方面取得的知识的转移。结果：G-免疫组学研究可能概述与GFMS暴露相关的潜在致病生物标记物(基因、miRNAs和蛋白质)，评估其整体安全性，并确定适合未来医学开发的高度生物相容性GFMS。

Graphene is the most promising, versatile, sustainable key enabling nanotechnology which may bring solutions in the near future to many areas spanning materials science and medicine.However, the potential interactions of graphene with biological systems deriving from its physico-chemical properties and reactivity are raising public concern on risks for human health and environment. Independently from any specific purpose, a critical step for future translational applications is represented by the assessment of graphene impact on the immune system. Following any type of exposures, nanomaterials immediately contact the organism immune cells. Hence the investigation of the immune cell reactions is a milestone for the safe exploitation of graphene for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.The overall objective of G-IMMUNOMICS is to complement Flagship research on graphene safety with immunogenomic and proteomic data, not covered by the Core Project. G-IMMUNOMICS will provide new insights on the immune impact of several types of graphene to lay the basis for a safe use of graphene and the graphene technology future transfer in medicine. The specific objectives are:1. Produce highly stable and dispersible pristine and functionalized graphene family materials (GFMs) with different lateral size and appropriate functionalizations2. Characterize by high throughput functional immunogenomics and proteomics approaches and genotoxic assays the immune cell response induced by GFMs on different cell lines and primary cells3. Evaluate the immune cell response induced by GFMs on four different species: human, mouse, pig and worm.G-IMMUNOMICS integrates with the FLAGSHIP at 3 levels- Scientific. collaborations are ongoing with many partners of the Flagship; in particular the project will synergize with the WP2 Flagship objectives. The project will: 1) extend the range of immune cell types investigated with a wide variety of populations and species; 2) implement large scale OMICS research approaches assays (genomics and proteomics); 3) take part in assessment of the environmental impact of new materials by analysing the genotoxic effect on different organisms.- Operational. The work plan builds on deep connections with the FLAGSHIP, due to: 1) exploitation of synthesis protocol Flagship developed by WP1 and WP10; 2) testing of GFMs provided by Flagship WP2 and WP10 partners; 3) usage of human ex vivo and mouse in vivo samples for genomic, proteomic and genotoxic analysis provided by Flagship WP2.- Dissemination. The results gained during the project will be shared with Flagship partners during WP meetings and general assemblies in order to boost the transfer of knowledge achieved on graphene.Outcomes: G-IMMUNOMICS research may outline potential pathogenic biomarkers (genes, miRNAs and proteins) associated with GFMs exposure, assess their overall safety profile and identify highly biocompatible GFMs suitable for future medical exploitation.