Local labour markets: The causes and consequences of spatial differences in labour market outcomes across cities in France and Germany

这项研究项目考虑了法国和德国的当地劳动力市场，并审查了当地劳动力市场结果差异的原因和后果。为什么巴黎或曼海姆的工人收入、企业工人生产率和住房成本会显示出如此巨大的差异？这一研究项目将使用法国和德国的行政微观数据集(DADS和LIAB)，在一项以理论为导向的实证调查中，系统和全面地考察当地劳动力市场每一方的作用：寻求利用因靠近市中心的公司而提高生产率的公司的行为；在工资、就业概率和住房成本之间权衡的工人的区位决策；以及这些经济力量的相互作用，从而导致空间均衡。然后，我们打开公司的黑匣子，调查这些力量如何导致特定的组织结构，并与公司的贸易开放相互作用。此外，我们深入研究了劳动力在区域内的重新分配，重点研究了通过分类的工人-企业匹配进行调整的障碍。因此，该研究项目对当地劳动力市场的外部性进行了全面分析。这有助于更好地了解空间乘数，并将使我们能够回答一个关键的公共政策问题：鉴于各地在失业率和工资水平方面有时存在很大差距，最佳的政策对策是什么？

This research project considers local labour markets in France and Germany, and examines the causes and consequences of differences in local labour market outcomes. Why do earnings of workers, firm-worker productivity, and housing costs exhibit such enormous differences between, say, Paris or Mannheim? This research project will systematically and comprehensively examine, in a theory-led empirical investigation using French and German administrative micro-datasets (DADs and LIAB), the roles of each side of the local labour market: the behaviour of firms seeking to harness the gains in productivity stemming from the close proximity of firms in urban centres; the location decision of workers who trade-off wages, employment probabilities, and housing costs; and the interaction of these economic forces that lead to a spatial equilibrium. We then open the black box of the firm, and investigate how these forces lead to particular organisation structures, and interact with trade openness of firms. Moreover, we study in depth the reallocation of workers within regions, focusing on hurdles for adjustment through assortative worker-firm matching. The research project thus provides a comprehensive analysis of externalities in local labour markets. This contributes to a better understanding of spatial multipliers and will enable us to answer a key public policy question: in view of the sometimes substantial disparities between localities in terms of unemployment rates and wage levels, what is an optimal policy response?