Dissecting Society. Social Sketches and the Formation of Ethnographic and Sociological Knowledge (1830-1860)

在世纪，印刷的商业化促进了文化自觉的新形式。关于社会类型、文化惯例和现代化社会制度的作品取得了重大成功，特别是沿着连接伦敦和巴黎的轴线。这些原始人种学草图，其中许多都有插图，出现在杂志和期刊上。收集了大量关于城市和农村环境的描述，其中许多后来被出版在汇编中，如《人民的领袖;或者说，英国人的肖像》（1838-1841），《法国人的肖像》（1839-1842）和《瓦伦西亚人的肖像》（1859）。在社会科学和人文科学的整合中，素描及其图像学的认识功能在很大程度上仍然未知。尽管这与统计学家、道德家、民族学家和民俗学家的辩论有着明显的联系。这些草图对社会生活的描述显示出明确的纪实意图，当在整体汇编中出版时，这些草图旨在传达一种对社会空间实体的非传统的、整体的视角。因此，素描和插图提供了对社会现象的民族志微观分析，并试图展示社会形象的内在逻辑，它们反映了阶级，社会，城市和民族等概念。在知识的跨国历史方面，该项目研究了社会草图和草图汇编作为构建和调解社会理解的早期框架。分析工具和话语分析，纠缠的历史和微观历史的概念将被用来检查研究的语料库，其中包括一个重要的机构的社会素描和相邻的知识框架，如统计调查，插图新闻或慈善报告的例子。地理范围（西欧）将通过瞭望而扩大到（后）殖民拉丁美洲和德语地区。关键问题包括：（1）草图的表现技巧（构建社会类型的方法、科学范式的影响、民族志权威的建立、视觉线索的意义等）; (2)草图如何与认识发展相关（例如，（3）素描在社会空间环境中的嵌入性及其与学术、艺术、慈善和政府项目的中介联系;（4）它们如何与城市化和国家建设进程相对立。该项目将来源分析与背景分析相结合，旨在为知识形成的社会历史做出贡献。学科和地理框架将被分解，以调查社会素描和收藏品作为欧洲及其他地区社会观察和思想完善的重要产品和代理人。

During the nineteenth century, the commercialization of printing advocated novel forms of cultural self-consciousness. Pieces on social types, cultural routines, and institutions of modernizing societies celebrated major success, especially along the axis that connected London and Paris. These proto-ethnographic sketches, many of which were illustrated, appeared in magazines and journals. Assembling an extensive array of descriptions of urban and rural environments, many of them were later to be published in compilations, such as Heads of the People; or, Portraits of the English (1838-1841), Les Français peints par eux-mêmes (1839-1842), and Los valencianos pintados por si mismos (1859). The epistemic function of the sketches and their iconographies within the consolidating social sciences and humanities remains largely unknown. This is despite clear connections to debates held by statisticians, moralists, ethnologists, and folklorists. The sketches' depictions of social life display clear documentary intentions, and when published within integral compilations, the sketches aimed to convey an encyclopedic, holistic perspective on socio-spatial entities. The sketches and their illustrations hence provide ethnographic micro-analysis of social phenomena, and in trying to show inner logics of social figurations, they reflect on concepts such as class, society, city, and nation. In terms of a transnational history of knowledge, the project investigates the social sketches and sketch compilations as early frames of constructing and mediating social understanding. Analytic tools and concepts of discourse analysis, entangled history, and micro-history will be used to examine the corpus of research, which comprises a significant body of social sketches and examples of adjacent knowledge frames, such as the statistical survey, illustrated journalism or the philanthropic report. The geographic scope, Western Europe, will be widened by lookouts into (post-)colonial Latin America and into German-speaking regions.Among the key issues are (1) the sketches' representational techniques (methods of constructing social types, the influence of scientific paradigms, the establishment of ethnographic authority, the significance of visual clues, etc.); (2) how the sketches relate to epistemic developments (e.g., towards materialist and historicizing conceptions of society); (3) the sketches' embeddedness in socio-spatial settings and their intermedial connections to academic, artistic, philanthropic and governmental projects; and (4) how they are to be situated against processes of urbanization and nation-building. Combining analysis of the sources with contextual analysis, the project aims to contribute to a social history of knowledge formation. Disciplinary and geographic frames will be broken down to investigate the social sketches and collections as significant products and agents in the refinement of societal observation and thought in Europe and beyond.