Dissecting Society. Social Sketches and the Formation of Ethnographic and Sociological Knowledge (1830-1860)

在19世纪，印刷的商业化倡导了文化自我意识的新形式。关于社会类型、文化惯例和现代化社会制度的作品庆祝了重大成功，特别是在连接伦敦和巴黎的轴线上。这些原始的民族志草图出现在杂志和期刊上，其中许多都附有插图。对城市和农村环境进行了广泛的描述，其中许多后来以汇编的形式出版，例如《人民的首脑》；《英国人的肖像》（1838-1841）、《法国人的画像》（1839-1842）和《瓦伦西亚诺斯的画像》（1859）。素描及其肖像在巩固社会科学和人文科学中的认知功能在很大程度上仍然未知。尽管这与统计学家、道德家、民族学家和民俗学家的争论有明显的联系。草图对社会生活的描绘显示出清晰的纪实意图，当在完整的汇编中出版时，草图旨在传达对社会空间实体的百科全书式的整体视角。因此，速写及其插图提供了对社会现象的民族志微观分析，并试图展示社会形象的内在逻辑，他们反思了阶级，社会，城市和国家等概念。在知识的跨国历史方面，该项目调查了社会草图和草图汇编作为构建和调解社会理解的早期框架。将使用分析工具和话语分析、纠缠历史和微观历史的概念来检查研究语料库，其中包括大量的社会草图和相邻知识框架的例子，如统计调查、插图新闻或慈善报告。地理范围，西欧，将扩大到（后）殖民时期的拉丁美洲和德语地区。其中的关键问题是：(1)速写的再现技巧（建构社会类型的方法、科学范式的影响、民族志权威的建立、视觉线索的意义等）；(2)这些草图如何与认识论的发展（例如，走向唯物主义和历史化的社会概念）联系起来；(3)速写在社会空间环境中的嵌入性及其与学术、艺术、慈善和政府项目的中间联系；(4)如何在城市化和国家建设的进程中定位它们。该项目将资源分析与语境分析相结合，旨在为知识形成的社会史做出贡献。学科和地理框架将被打破，以调查社会草图和收藏作为重要的产品和代理人在细化社会观察和思想在欧洲和其他地区。

During the nineteenth century, the commercialization of printing advocated novel forms of cultural self-consciousness. Pieces on social types, cultural routines, and institutions of modernizing societies celebrated major success, especially along the axis that connected London and Paris. These proto-ethnographic sketches, many of which were illustrated, appeared in magazines and journals. Assembling an extensive array of descriptions of urban and rural environments, many of them were later to be published in compilations, such as Heads of the People; or, Portraits of the English (1838-1841), Les Français peints par eux-mêmes (1839-1842), and Los valencianos pintados por si mismos (1859). The epistemic function of the sketches and their iconographies within the consolidating social sciences and humanities remains largely unknown. This is despite clear connections to debates held by statisticians, moralists, ethnologists, and folklorists. The sketches' depictions of social life display clear documentary intentions, and when published within integral compilations, the sketches aimed to convey an encyclopedic, holistic perspective on socio-spatial entities. The sketches and their illustrations hence provide ethnographic micro-analysis of social phenomena, and in trying to show inner logics of social figurations, they reflect on concepts such as class, society, city, and nation. In terms of a transnational history of knowledge, the project investigates the social sketches and sketch compilations as early frames of constructing and mediating social understanding. Analytic tools and concepts of discourse analysis, entangled history, and micro-history will be used to examine the corpus of research, which comprises a significant body of social sketches and examples of adjacent knowledge frames, such as the statistical survey, illustrated journalism or the philanthropic report. The geographic scope, Western Europe, will be widened by lookouts into (post-)colonial Latin America and into German-speaking regions.Among the key issues are (1) the sketches' representational techniques (methods of constructing social types, the influence of scientific paradigms, the establishment of ethnographic authority, the significance of visual clues, etc.); (2) how the sketches relate to epistemic developments (e.g., towards materialist and historicizing conceptions of society); (3) the sketches' embeddedness in socio-spatial settings and their intermedial connections to academic, artistic, philanthropic and governmental projects; and (4) how they are to be situated against processes of urbanization and nation-building. Combining analysis of the sources with contextual analysis, the project aims to contribute to a social history of knowledge formation. Disciplinary and geographic frames will be broken down to investigate the social sketches and collections as significant products and agents in the refinement of societal observation and thought in Europe and beyond.